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  2. Faculties of the soul - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faculties_of_the_soul

    Plato defined the faculties of the soul in terms of a three-fold division: the intellect (noûs), the nobler affections (thumós), and the appetites or passions (epithumetikón) [1] Aristotle also made a three-fold division of natural faculties, into vegetative, appetitive and rational elements, [2] though he later distinguished further divisions in the rational faculty, such as the faculty of ...

  3. Diairesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diairesis

    Diairesis (Ancient Greek: διαίρεσις, romanized: diaíresis, "division") is a form of classification used in ancient (especially Platonic) logic that serves to systematize concepts and come to definitions. When defining a concept using diairesis, one starts with a broad concept, then divides this into two or more specific sub-concepts ...

  4. Glossary of philosophy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_philosophy

    A philosophy that claims that science is inferior to intuition, with art and the conquest of the aesthetic being the ultimate transcendence of the human condition. irrealism A philosophy combining the phenomenalism and physicalism in epistemology with the view that either could be used interchangeably as agents of free will and study of the ...

  5. Outline of philosophy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_philosophy

    Philosophy is the study of general and fundamental problems concerning matters such as existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is distinguished from other ways of addressing fundamental questions (such as mysticism , myth ) by being critical and generally systematic and by its reliance on rational argument . [ 3 ]

  6. Outline of metaphysics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_metaphysics

    Branch of philosophyphilosophy is the study of general and fundamental problems, such as those connected with existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. [4] [5] Philosophy is distinguished from other ways of addressing such problems by its critical, generally systematic approach and its reliance on rational argument. [6]

  7. List of important publications in philosophy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_important...

    Paul Benacerraf and Hilary Putnam, Philosophy of Mathematics: Selected Readings, 1964/1983; Ian Hacking, The Emergence of Probability: A Philosophical Study of Early Ideas about Probability, Induction and Statistical Inference, 1975; Imre Lakatos, Proofs and Refutations, 1976; Penelope Maddy, Realism in Mathematics, 1990

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  9. Fallacy of division - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallacy_of_division

    The fallacy of division [1] is an informal fallacy that occurs when one reasons that something that is true for a whole must also be true of all or some of its parts. An example: The second grade in Jefferson Elementary eats a lot of ice cream; Carlos is a second-grader in Jefferson Elementary; Therefore, Carlos eats a lot of ice cream