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  2. A priori and a posteriori - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_priori_and_a_posteriori

    For example, the proposition that water is H 2 O (if it is true): According to Kripke, this statement is both necessarily true, because water and H 2 O are the same thing, they are identical in every possible world, and truths of identity are logically necessary; and a posteriori, because it is known only through empirical investigation.

  3. Deductive reasoning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deductive_reasoning

    This theory of deductive reasoning – also known as term logic – was developed by Aristotle, but was superseded by propositional (sentential) logic and predicate logic. [citation needed] Deductive reasoning can be contrasted with inductive reasoning, in regards to validity and soundness. In cases of inductive reasoning, even though the ...

  4. Socratic questioning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socratic_questioning

    Socratic questioning (or Socratic maieutics) [1] is an educational method named after Socrates that focuses on discovering answers by asking questions of students. According to Plato, Socrates believed that "the disciplined practice of thoughtful questioning enables the scholar/student to examine ideas and be able to determine the validity of those ideas". [2]

  5. Philosophy of education - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy_of_education

    A central question in the philosophy of education concerns the aims of education, i.e. the question of why people should be educated and what goals should be pursued in the process of education. [ 8 ] [ 5 ] [ 7 ] [ 14 ] This issue is highly relevant for evaluating educational practices and products by assessing how well they manage to realize ...

  6. Socratic method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socratic_method

    In the second half of the 5th century BC, sophists were teachers who specialized in using the tools of philosophy and rhetoric to entertain, impress, or persuade an audience to accept the speaker's point of view. Socrates promoted an alternative method of teaching, which came to be called the Socratic method. [2]

  7. Syllogism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syllogism

    A syllogism (Ancient Greek: συλλογισμός, syllogismos, 'conclusion, inference') is a kind of logical argument that applies deductive reasoning to arrive at a conclusion based on two propositions that are asserted or assumed to be true.

  8. Some Thoughts Concerning Education - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Some_Thoughts_Concerning...

    Title page from the first edition of Locke's Some Thoughts Concerning Education (1693) Some Thoughts Concerning Education is a 1693 treatise on the education of gentlemen written by the English philosopher John Locke. For over a century, it was the most important philosophical work on education in England. It was translated into almost all of the major written European languages during the ...

  9. Transcendental argument - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcendental_argument

    A transcendental argument is a kind of deductive argument that appeals to the necessary conditions that make experience and knowledge possible. [1] [2] Transcendental arguments may have additional standards of justification which are more demanding than those of traditional deductive arguments. [3]