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The world's exclusive economic zones by boundary types and EEZ types. An exclusive economic zone (EEZ), as prescribed by the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, is an area of the sea in which a sovereign state has exclusive rights regarding the exploration and use of marine resources, including energy production from water and wind.
Schematic map of maritime zones (aerial view). Territorial waters are informally an area of water where a sovereign state has jurisdiction, including internal waters, the territorial sea, the contiguous zone, the exclusive economic zone, and potentially the extended continental shelf (these components are sometimes collectively called the maritime zones [1]).
Contiguous zone: Beyond the 12-nautical-mile (22 km) limit, there is a further 12 nautical miles (22 km) from the territorial sea baseline limit, the contiguous zone. Here a state can continue to enforce laws in four specific areas (customs, taxation, immigration, and pollution) if the infringement started or is about to occur within the state ...
This followed the unanimous approval of House Bill No. 7819 by the House of Representatives of the Philippines, which defined the maritime zones under Philippine jurisdiction. The bill, primarily authored and sponsored by Senator Tolentino, seeks to define and assert the Philippines' rights and entitlements over its maritime zones as per the ...
Features, limits and zones. A maritime boundary is a conceptual division of Earth's water surface areas using physiographical or geopolitical criteria. As such, it usually bounds areas of exclusive national rights over mineral and biological resources, [1] encompassing maritime features, limits and zones. [2]
The United States has the world's second-largest exclusive economic zone (EEZ). The total size is 11,351,000 km 2 (4,383,000 sq mi) 2. [1] Areas of its EEZ are located in three oceans, the Gulf of Mexico, and the Caribbean Sea. Most notable areas are Alaska, Hawaii, the East Coast, West Coast and Gulf Coast of the United States.
The Atlantic Ocean has the busiest ocean trade routes in the world. Current unresolved disputes over whether particular waters are "International waters" include: Arctic Ocean : While Canada, Denmark, Russia and Norway all regard parts of the Arctic seas as national waters or internal waters , most European Union countries and the United States ...
The Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (JMSDF) and the Japan Coast Guard (JCG) are responsible for protecting the EEZ of Japan. As an island nation, dependent on maritime trade for the majority of its resources, including food and raw materials, maritime operations are a very important aspect of Japanese defense policy.