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A ring generator or ringing voltage generator is a device which outputs 20 cycle sinusoidal AC at up to 110 volts peak to power bells or annunciators in one or more telephone extensions. [4] The output stops if a handset is taken off the hook. In terminology devised by phone phreaks, a ringing generator is a magenta box.
Not all of these services are available in all areas, and some are only available on landline telephones or Mobile phones. Local Area Signalling Services (LASS) and Custom Calling Feature Control Codes: [1] [2] [3]
Some telephone technicians used mnemonic phrases, such as red-right-ring-rear, or ring-right-red-rough, to remember that the red wire connects to the right-side post in the wall jack and to the ring on the plug and to the rear lug on main distribution frames. Sometimes rough or ridge was added for jumper wires with a tactile code. [citation needed]
In 1983, in Bryant Pond, Maine, Susan Glines became the last switchboard operator for a hand-crank phone when that exchange was converted. [14] Manual central office switchboards continued in operation at rural points like Kerman, California , [ 15 ] and Wanaaring, New South Wales , as late as 1991, but these were central-battery systems with ...
The ringer equivalence number (REN) is a telecommunications measure that represents the electrical loading effect of a telephone ringer on a telephone line.In the United States, ringer equivalence was first defined by U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 47, Part 68, based on the load that a standard Bell System model 500 telephone represented, and was later determined in accordance with ...
Tip and ring were the voice-carrying pair, and named after the tip and ring on the three conductor cords on the manual operator's console. In two-way trunks with E and M signaling , a handshake took place to prevent both switches from colliding by dialing calls on the same trunk at the same time.
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Hand telephone sets consist of three principal parts: the handset, a handset mounting, and an apparatus box, called variously desk set box, bell box, subscriber set, or just subset. This box is typically mounted on a wall or desk-side, and contains an electromagnetic bell ringer and a speech transformer , called induction coil , to connect the ...