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Insulin lispro, sold under the brand name Humalog among others, is a modified type of medical insulin used to treat type 1 and type 2 diabetes. [5] It is delivered subcutaneously either by injection or from an insulin pump. [5] [6] Onset of effects typically occurs within 30 minutes and lasts about 5 hours. [5]
A 2012 Cochrane review found that medications for mild hypertension did not reduce the risk of death, stroke, or cardiovascular disease, but did cause side effects in 1 of every 12 people. [ 8 ] [ 10 ] A second review that looked at higher-risk people (mostly diabetics whose blood pressure was difficult to control) found the medication ...
This category contains those articles about the side effects of medications. Some side effects are not adverse. For example, the anti-depressant Welbutrin helps some to quit smoking. Other beneficial side effects of medications can be weight loss. A side effect of insulin is that it removes potassium ions from the blood stream and into cells.
The high blood pressure is gradual at early stages and may take at least 10–15 years to fully develop. Besides diabetes, other factors that may also increase high blood pressure include obesity, insulin resistance and high cholesterol levels. In general, fewer than 25 percent of diabetics have good control of their blood pressure.
The choice between the drugs is to a large degree determined by the characteristics of the patient being prescribed for, the drugs' side effects, and cost. Most drugs have other uses; sometimes the presence of other symptoms can warrant the use of one particular antihypertensive. Examples include: Age can affect the choice of medications.
A diagram explaining factors affecting arterial pressure. Pathophysiology is a study which explains the function of the body as it relates to diseases and conditions. The pathophysiology of hypertension is an area which attempts to explain mechanistically the causes of hypertension, which is a chronic disease characterized by elevation of blood pressure.
Secondary hypertension (or, less commonly, inessential hypertension) is a type of hypertension which has a specific and identifiable underlying primary cause. It is much less common than essential hypertension , affecting only 5-10% of hypertensive patients.
Most of the known actions of Ang II are mediated through the AT 1 receptors, for example vasoconstriction, aldosterone release, renal sodium reabsorption and vasopressin secretion. The AT 2 receptor also takes part in regulation of blood pressure and renal function but mediates antagonistic effects compared to the AT 1 receptor. [8] [10] [11] [12]