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Ekranoplan A-90 Orlyonok. A ground-effect vehicle (GEV), also called a wing-in-ground-effect (WIGE or WIG), ground-effect craft/machine (GEM), wingship, flarecraft, surface effect vehicle or ekranoplan (Russian: экранопла́н – "screenglider"), is a vehicle that is able to move over the surface by gaining support from the reactions of the air against the surface of the earth or water.
During takeoff, ground effect can cause the aircraft to "float" while below the recommended climb speed. The pilot can then fly just above the runway while the aircraft accelerates in ground effect until a safe climb speed is reached. [2] For rotorcraft, ground effect results in less drag on the rotor during hovering close to the ground. At ...
The ground effect occurs when flying at an altitude of only a few metres above the ocean or ground; drag is greatly reduced by the proximity of the ground preventing the formation of wingtip vortices, thus increasing the efficiency of the wing. This effect does not occur at high altitude. [5] [6] The name Lun comes from the Russian word for the ...
DARPA launched the project in mid-2022, wanting a plane that could lift large, heavy loads by skimming the water in ground effect, and capable of operating at mid-altitudes of up to 10,000 feet (3,000 m). Utilizing the ground effect, flying at an altitude equal to 5% of the wingspan can deliver 2.3 times more efficient flight performance.
Ground effect (cars), an effect that creates downforce, primarily in racing cars; Ground-effect vehicle, a vehicle which attains level flight near the surface of the Earth due to ground effect; Ground-effect train, an alternative to a magnetic levitation train, using ground effect in aircraft to prevent the vehicle from making contact with the ...
The design process for what became the Pelican began in early 2000, when designers in the Phantom Works division of Boeing started working on solutions for the United States Armed Forces objective of moving thousands of troops, weapons, military equipment, and provisions to a war or battle scene faster, [5] such as successfully deploying an Army brigade of 3,000 troops and 8,000 short tons ...
Beriev Be-1 - Experimental aircraft used in development of VVA-14; Bartini Beriev VVA-14 - Amphibious anti-submarine aircraft, only prototypes were produced; KM "Caspian Sea Monster" - largest GEV ever built; Lun-class ekranoplan - Only GEV to be used as a warship; A-90 Orlyonok - Amphibious transport GEV; Beriev Be-2500 - Proposed heavy ...
The RFB X-113 Aerofoil Boat was an experimental ground effect vehicle intended to work over water. It was one of three such aircraft designed by Alexander Lippisch in the 1960s and early 1970s. The X-113 first flew in 1970; only one was built.