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Mga kababayang dalaga ng Malolos (English: To my countrymen, the young women of Malolos), also known by its alternative English title To the young women of Malolos, is a letter written by Filipino author and political reformer José Rizal on February 22, 1889.
José Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda [7] (Spanish: [xoˈse riˈsal,-ˈθal], Tagalog: [hoˈse ɾiˈsal]; June 19, 1861 – December 30, 1896) was a Filipino nationalist, writer and polymath active at the end of the Spanish colonial period of the Philippines.
Life and Labour of the People in London was a multi-volume book by Charles Booth which provided a survey of the lives and occupations of the working class of late 19th century London. The first edition was published in two volumes as Life and Labour of the People, Vol. I (1889) and Labour and Life of the People, Vol II (1891). [1]
The work greatly impressed but also garnered heavy criticism from Philippine national hero José Rizal who found it rife with erroneous claims and a eurocentric bias. Rizal decided to annotate it and publish a new edition and began working on it in London and completing it in Paris in 1890. [3] [4]
The idea of an association to invest Filipino self-identity came upon Dr. José Rizal before the end of 1888. This was due to the incoming International Exposition of 1889 in Paris, France that many people will observe the beauty of Philippine culture. According to his announcement letters written in London on December 31, 1888: [1]
La Solidaridad (lit. The Solidarity) was an organization created in Spain on December 13, 1888. Composed of Filipino liberals exiled in 1872 and students attending Europe's universities, the organization aimed to increase Spanish awareness of the needs of its colony, the Philippines, and to propagate a closer relationship between the Philippines and Spain.
Rizal's Spanish biographer Wenceslao Retana and Filipino biographer Juan Raymundo Lumawag saw the formation of the Katipunan as del Pilar's victory over Rizal: "La Liga dies, and the Katipunan rises in its place. Del Pilar's plan wins over that of Rizal. Del Pilar and Rizal had the same end, even if each took a different road to it." [190]
21 February 1887 – Rizal finished writing the Noli Me Tangere. 29 May 1887 – Noli Me Tangere was published in Madrid and Barcelona. 13 December 1888 – Filipino expatriates in Spain, among them Jose Rizal, Marcelo del Pilar, Antonio Luna and Mariano Ponce established the organization La Solidaridad. The group aims to foster closer ...