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The geniculate ganglion (from Latin genu, for "knee" [1]) is a bilaterally paired special sense ganglion [2] of the intermediate nerve component of the facial nerve (CN VII). [3] It is situated within facial canal of the head. [citation needed]
The facial nerve, also known as the seventh cranial nerve, cranial nerve VII, or simply CN VII, is a cranial nerve that emerges from the pons of the brainstem, controls the muscles of facial expression, and functions in the conveyance of taste sensations from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue.
It contains the sensory and parasympathetic fibers of the facial nerve. Upon reaching the facial canal, it joins with the motor root of the facial nerve at the geniculate ganglion. Alex Alfieri postulates that the intermediate nerve should be considered as a separate cranial nerve and not a part of the facial nerve. [4]
The greater petrosal nerve also conveys some special sensory nerve fibres which carry gustatory (taste) sensory information from the palate [1]: 22 that are relayed to the pterygopalatine ganglion by the lesser palatine nerves and are in turn conveyed to the geniculate ganglion by the greater petrosal nerve to synapse in the ganglion.
This ganglion contains only the sensory fibres of the trigeminal nerve. The geniculate ganglion of the facial nerve (VII), which occurs just after the nerve enters the facial canal. A superior and inferior ganglia of the glossopharyngeal nerve (IX), which occurs just after it passes through the jugular foramen.
This is combination with the retrolabyrinthine and transmastoid approaches, enables visualization of the entire course of the facial nerve and still preserves function of the inner ear. The middle cranial foassa technique is most commonly used for the decompression of the facial nerve in Bell's palsy and longitudinal temporal bone fracture.
The zygomatic branches of the facial nerve (malar branches) are nerves of the face. They run across the zygomatic bone to the lateral angle of the orbit . Here, they supply the orbicularis oculi muscle , and join with filaments from the lacrimal nerve and the zygomaticofacial branch of the maxillary nerve (CN V 2 ).
Its parasympathetic root is derived from the nervus intermedius (a part of the facial nerve) through the greater petrosal nerve.. In the pterygopalatine ganglion, the preganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the greater petrosal branch of the facial nerve synapse with neurons whose postganglionic axons, vasodilator, and secretory fibers are distributed with the deep branches of the trigeminal ...