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A skull fracture is a break in one or more of the eight bones that form the cranial portion of the skull, usually occurring as a result of blunt force trauma.If the force of the impact is excessive, the bone may fracture at or near the site of the impact and cause damage to the underlying structures within the skull such as the membranes, blood vessels, and brain.
Traumatic brain injury is defined as damage to the brain resulting from external mechanical force, such as rapid acceleration or deceleration, impact, blast waves, or penetration by a projectile. [ 10 ] Brain function is temporarily or permanently impaired and structural damage may or may not be detectable with current technology.
Closed-head injury is a type of traumatic brain injury in which the skull and dura mater remain intact. Closed-head injuries are the leading cause of death in children under 4 years old and the most common cause of physical disability and cognitive impairment in young people. [1][2] Overall, closed-head injuries and other forms of mild ...
Concussion, cerebral contusion, penetrating head injury, basilar skull fracture, traumatic brain injury. A head injury is any injury that results in trauma to the skull or brain. The terms traumatic brain injury and head injury are often used interchangeably in the medical literature. [1] Because head injuries cover such a broad scope of ...
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) [ b ] is a mental and behavioral disorder [ 8 ] that develops from experiencing a traumatic event, such as sexual assault, warfare, traffic collisions, child abuse, domestic violence, or other threats on a person's life or well-being. [ 1 ][ 9 ] Symptoms may include disturbing thoughts, feelings, or dreams ...
Post-concussion syndrome(PCS), also known as persisting symptoms after concussion, is a set of symptomsthat may continue for weeks, months, or years after a concussion. PCS is medically classified as a mild traumatic brain injury(TBI). [1][2][3][4][5]About 35% of people with concussion experience persistent or prolonged symptoms 3 to 6 months ...
Basilar skull fracture. A basilar skull fracture is a break of a bone in the base of the skull. [1] Symptoms may include bruising behind the ears, bruising around the eyes, or blood behind the ear drum. [1] A cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak occurs in about 20% of cases and may result in fluid leaking from the nose or ear. [1]
Evidence-based, trauma-focused psychotherapy is the first-line treatment for PTSD. [8] [9] [6] Psychotherapy is defined as a treatment where a therapist and patient build a therapeutic relationship and focus on the patient's thoughts, attitudes, affect, behavior, and social development to lessen the patient's psychopathologies and functional impairment.