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Although there are divisibility tests for numbers in any radix, or base, and they are all different, this article presents rules and examples only for decimal, or base 10, numbers. Martin Gardner explained and popularized these rules in his September 1962 "Mathematical Games" column in Scientific American. [1]
In 1981, Gardner's column alternated with a new column by Douglas Hofstadter called "Metamagical Themas" (an anagram of "Mathematical Games"). [1] The table below lists Gardner's columns. [2] Twelve of Gardner's columns provided the cover art for that month's magazine, indicated by "[cover]" in the table with a hyperlink to the cover. [3]
Martin Gardner (October 21, 1914 – May 22, 2010) was an American popular mathematics and popular science writer with interests also encompassing magic, scientific skepticism, micromagic, philosophy, religion, and literature – especially the writings of Lewis Carroll, L. Frank Baum, and G. K. Chesterton. [4][5] He was a leading authority on ...
Contents. Wheels, Life and Other Mathematical Amusements is a book of 22 mathematical games columns that were revised and extended after being previously published in Scientific American. [2] It is Gardner's 10th collection of columns, and includes material on Conway's Game of Life, supertasks, intransitive dice, braided polyhedra ...
The Boy or Girl paradox surrounds a set of questions in probability theory, which are also known as The Two Child Problem, [1] Mr. Smith's Children[2] and the Mrs. Smith Problem. The initial formulation of the question dates back to at least 1959, when Martin Gardner featured it in his October 1959 "Mathematical Games column" in Scientific ...
The Ulam spiral or prime spiral is a graphical depiction of the set of prime numbers, devised by mathematician Stanisław Ulam in 1963 and popularized in Martin Gardner's Mathematical Games column in Scientific American a short time later. [1] It is constructed by writing the positive integers in a square spiral and specially marking the prime ...
Sum and Product Puzzle. The Sum and Product Puzzle, also known as the Impossible Puzzle because it seems to lack sufficient information for a solution, is a logic puzzle. It was first published in 1969 by Hans Freudenthal, [1][2] and the name Impossible Puzzle was coined by Martin Gardner. [3] The puzzle is solvable, though not easily.
Hexapawn is a deterministic two-player game invented by Martin Gardner. It is played on a rectangular board of variable size, for example on a 3×3 board or on a regular chessboard. On a board of size n × m, each player begins with m pawns, one for each square in the row closest to them. The goal of each player is to either advance a pawn to ...