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The centre of the buffer on European railway vehicles must be between 940 and 1,065 mm above the top of rail. Spain was an exception for a long time. A buffer separation of 1,950 mm was specified there because of the force transmitted to the longitudinal beams of the wagons, which are further apart due to their broad gauge railways.
Narrow gauge flat wagons, 750 mm (2 ft 5 + 1 ⁄ 2 in).Note the single buffer with a hook on the right side and a chain on the other. On some narrow-gauge lines in Europe, and on the Paris Metro, a simplified version of the loose-coupler is used, consisting of a single central buffer with a chain underneath.
Rail transport in Spain operates on four rail gauges and services are operated by a variety of private and public operators. Total railway length in 2020 was 15,489 km (9,953 km electrified). [ 2 ] The Spanish high-speed rail network is the longest HSR network in Europe with 3,966 km (2,464 mi) and the second longest in the world, after China 's.
A commuter train collided with the buffers at Barcelona França station and derailed. [3] The train was operating a Sant Vicenç de Calders – Barcelona França service on the R2 line. [4] The train involved was an electric multiple unit of RENFE Class 465, number 210M. [2] Witnesses stated that the train did not brake on entering the station. [5]
Europe was the epicenter of rail transport and has today one of the densest networks (an average of 46 km (29 mi) for every 1,000 km 2 (390 sq mi) in the EU as of 2013). [10] Because of its history, European railway systems often differ between countries regarding their main line track gauges , loading gauges , electrification systems and ...
This buffer stop at Zurich HB in Switzerland is designed to move up to 7 metres (23 ft) to slow down an 850-tonne (840-long-ton; 940-short-ton) passenger train from 15 km/h (9.3 mph) without damaging the train or injuring passengers. A buffer stop, bumper, bumping post, bumper block or stopblock (US), is a device to prevent railway vehicles ...
The main railway networks of Spain were initially constructed to a 1,672 mm (5 ft 5 + 13 ⁄ 16 in) gauge of six Castilian feet. Those of Portugal were instead built to a 1,435 mm ( 4 ft 8 + 1 ⁄ 2 in ) and later railways to a 1,664 mm ( 5 ft 5 + 1 ⁄ 2 in ) gauge of five Portuguese feet – close enough to allow interoperability with Spanish ...
Trap points with a crossing are double trap points where the tongues of rail are longer, so that the trap point rail nearest the main line continues over the siding rail with a common crossing or frog. A trap road with stops is a short dead-end siding leading to some method of stopping a vehicle, such as a sand drag or buffer stop.