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In cardiology, a cardiac shunt is a pattern of blood flow in the heart that deviates from the normal circuit of the circulatory system. It may be described as right-left , left-right or bidirectional, or as systemic-to-pulmonary or pulmonary-to-systemic .
A VSD can cause a left-to-right shunt of blood flow in the heart and is one of the most common of the congenital heart defects. This type of shunt is an acyanotic disorder that can result in ventricular hypertrophy. [4] The alignment of interventricular septum and interatrial septum is disturbed in various congenital heart diseases. [5]
A Sano shunt is a shunt from the right ventricle to the pulmonary circulation. [1] [2] [3] In contrast to a Blalock–Taussig shunt, circulation is primarily in systole. [citation needed] It is sometimes used as the first step in a Norwood procedure. [citation needed] This procedure was pioneered by the Japanese cardiothoracic surgeon Shunji ...
The incidence of univentricular heart malformations is estimated at 0.1 to 0.4 per 1,000 live births. [3] In the neonatal period, these patients depend on an aortopulmonary shunt that is maintained medically with prostaglandin and then surgically with an initial cardiac shunt procedure.
Aortopulmonary window (APW) is a faulty connection between the aorta and the main pulmonary artery that results in a significant left-to-right shunt. [2] The aortopulmonary window is the rarest of septal defects, accounting for 0.15-0.6% of all congenital heart malformations. [4]
Arrhythmias: Abnormal heart rhythms can occur due to the congenital defect or secondary to manipulation of cardiac tissue during surgery. [31] Shunt Obstruction: The shunt (mBTTs or Sano) placed during the Norwood procedure that re-establishes pulmonary circulation can become narrowed or obstructed, necessitating urgent intervention. [27]
A Peritoneovenous shunt: (also called Denver shunt) [2] is a shunt which drains peritoneal fluid from the peritoneum into veins, usually the internal jugular vein or the superior vena cava. It is sometimes used in patients with refractory ascites. It is a long tube with a non-return valve running subcutaneously from the peritoneum to the ...
right heart pressure is higher than left heart pressure and/or the shunt has a one-way valvular opening. Small physiological, or "normal", shunts are seen due to the return of bronchial artery blood and coronary blood through the Thebesian veins , which are deoxygenated, to the left side of the heart.