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The Cry of Pugad Lawin (Filipino: Sigaw sa Pugad Lawin, Spanish: Grito de Pugad Lawin) was the beginning of the Philippine Revolution against the Spanish Empire. [ 1 ] In late August 1896, members of the Katipunan [ a ] led by Andrés Bonifacio revolted somewhere around Caloocan , which included parts of the present-day Quezon City .
That same year, the existence of the Katipunan was discovered by the colonial authorities. In late August, Katipuneros gathered in Caloocan and declared the start of the revolution. The event is now known as the Cry of Balintawak or the Cry of Pugad Lawin, due to conflicting historical traditions and official government positions. [95]
In the last days of August 1896, Katipunan members met in Caloocan and decided to start their revolt [1] (the event was later called the "Cry of Balintawak" or "Cry of Pugad Lawin"; the exact location and date are disputed). A day after the Cry, the Supreme Council of the Katipunan held elections, with the following results: [1] [2]
Katipunan rebels wage guerrilla warfare in Bulacan province; Dissolution of the Kakarong Republic; Cry of Tarlac (January 24, 1897) Katipunan. Francisco Macabulos Spain. Guardia Civil; Filipino victory: Battle of Perez Dasmariñas (January 24, 1897) Katipunan. Emilio Aguinaldo; Crispulo Aguinaldo † Flaviano Yengko † Placido Campos; Marcela ...
The Katipunan (lit. ' Association '), officially known as the Kataastaasang Kagalanggalangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan [6] [7] [8] [a] (lit. ' Supreme and Venerable Association of the Children of the Nation '; Spanish: Suprema y Venerable Asociación de los Hijos del Pueblo) and abbreviated as the KKK, was a revolutionary organization founded in 1892 by a group of Filipino nationalists ...
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This commemorates the Cry of Pugad Lawin and the start of the Philippine Revolution. [11] In 1974, the Pinaglabanan Shrine was unveiled in San Juan, along Pinaglabanan Street. "Pinaglabanan" is a Tagalog word for "fought over". The present-day San Juan Elementary School stands on the former grounds of the ruined El Polvorín. [12]
Some troops leave the battlefield injured. Others return from war with mental wounds. Yet many of the 2 million Iraq and Afghanistan veterans suffer from a condition the Defense Department refuses to acknowledge: Moral injury.