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In thermodynamics and thermal physics, the theoretical formulation of magnetic systems entails expressing the behavior of the systems using the Laws of Thermodynamics. Common magnetic systems examined through the lens of Thermodynamics are ferromagnets and paramagnets as well as the ferromagnet to paramagnet phase transition. It is also ...
Thermal hydraulics (also called thermohydraulics) is the study of hydraulic flow in thermal fluids. The area can be mainly divided into three parts: thermodynamics , fluid mechanics , and heat transfer , but they are often closely linked to each other.
When this happens, magnetic reconnection may occur in the plasma to release stored magnetic energy as waves, bulk mechanical acceleration of material, particle acceleration, and heat. Magnetic reconnection in highly conductive systems is important because it concentrates energy in time and space, so that gentle forces applied to a plasma for ...
A magnetohydrodynamic generator (MHD generator) is a magnetohydrodynamic converter that transforms thermal energy and kinetic energy directly into electricity. An MHD generator, like a conventional generator, relies on moving a conductor through a magnetic field to generate electric current.
In the absence of external pressure the maximum shear strength is about 100 kPa. If the fluid is compressed in the magnetic field direction and the compressive stress is 2 MPa, the shear strength is raised to 1100 kPa. [3] If the standard magnetic particles are replaced with elongated magnetic particles, the shear strength is also improved. [4]
Ambient temperature affects the time delay but does not affect the current rating of a magnetic breaker. [12] A large power circuit breaker, such as one applied in circuits of more than 1000 volts, may incorporate hydraulic elements in the contact operating mechanism. Hydraulic energy may be supplied by a pump or stored in accumulators.
In a hydraulic transmission line, the energy flows as mechanical waves through the water, but in an electric transmission line the energy flows as fields in the space surrounding the wires, and does not flow inside the metal. Also, an accelerating electron will drag its neighbors along while attracting them, both because of magnetic forces.
Illustration of the right-hand rule for the Lorentz force, cross product of an electric current with a magnetic field. The working principle involves the acceleration of an electrically conductive fluid (which can be a liquid or an ionized gas called a plasma) by the Lorentz force, resulting from the cross product of an electric current (motion of charge carriers accelerated by an electric ...