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The just price is a theory of ethics in economics that attempts to set standards of fairness in transactions. With intellectual roots in ancient Greek philosophy , it was advanced by Thomas Aquinas based on an argument against usury , which in his time referred to the making of any rate of interest on loans .
These are calculated prices for things being traded, or the compensation which would be given, if certain conditions apply. Business deals can become very complex, and may involve numerous price assumptions. For example, the contract may be that if an average price trend occurs, then a certain amount of money will be paid out.
Friedman's arguments were designed to counter the popular concept of cost-push inflation, that the increased general price level at the time was the result of increases in the price of oil, or increases in wages; as he wrote: Inflation is always and everywhere a monetary phenomenon. —
Contract theory in economics began with 1991 Nobel Laureate Ronald H. Coase's 1937 article "The Nature of the Firm". Coase notes that "the longer the duration of a contract regarding the supply of goods or services due to the difficulty of forecasting, then the less likely and less appropriate it is for the buyer to specify what the other party should do."
Price theory was a significant aspect of his legacy as a teacher, and he taught the subject from 1946 to 1964 and again from 1972 to 1976. Notable economists who took Friedman's price theory course include James M. Buchanan , Gary Becker , and Robert Lucas Jr. , all of whom later became Nobel laureates.
In contract law the contract price is a material term. The contract price is the price for the goods or services to be received in the contract. The contract price helps to determine whether a contract may exist. If the contract price is not included in the written contract, then upon litigation the court may hold that a contract did not exist.
Rational pricing is the assumption in financial economics that asset prices – and hence asset pricing models – will reflect the arbitrage-free price of the asset as any deviation from this price will be "arbitraged away". This assumption is useful in pricing fixed income securities, particularly bonds, and is fundamental to the pricing of ...
A Calvo contract is the name given in macroeconomics to the pricing model that when a firm sets a nominal price there is a constant probability that a firm might be able to reset its price which is independent of the time since the price was last reset.