Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
Cervical squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL), previously called cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), is a form of dysplasia that can progress to cervical cancer. The term carcinoma in situ may be used interchangeably with high-grade SIL. [8] Ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast is the most common precancer in women.
The cause of CIN is chronic infection of the cervix with HPV, especially infection with high-risk HPV types 16 or 18. It is thought that the high-risk HPV infections have the ability to inactivate tumor suppressor genes such as the p53 gene and the RB gene, thus allowing the infected cells to grow unchecked and accumulate successive mutations, eventually leading to cancer.
For premalignant dysplastic changes, the CIN (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia) grading system is used. [7] Colon cancer: originally consisted of four stages: A, B, C, and D (the Dukes staging system). More recently, colon cancer staging is indicated either by the original A-D stages or by TNM. [8] Kidney cancer: uses TNM. [9]
Currently women in England aged 25 to 49 are invited for cervical screening every three years and those aged 50 to 64 every five years. The researchers at KCL said that high-risk HPV DNA is found ...
[53] [54] [42] Smoking can increase the risk in women a few different ways, which can be by direct and indirect methods of inducing cervical cancer. [53] [42] [55] A direct way of contracting this cancer is a smoker has a higher chance of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN3) occurring, which has the potential of forming cervical cancer. [53]
The Papanicolaou test (abbreviated as Pap test, also known as Pap smear (AE), [1] cervical smear (BE), cervical screening (BE), [2] or smear test (BE)) is a method of cervical screening used to detect potentially precancerous and cancerous processes in the cervix (opening of the uterus or womb) or, more rarely, anus (in both men and women). [3]
Scientists are working to create a new cancer vaccine that could “detect the undetectable” and stop the disease up to 20 years before it has the chance to develop.. Pharmaceutical giant GSK ...
There are over 100 different known cancers that affect humans. [1] Cancers are often described by the body part that they originated in. However, some body parts contain multiple types of tissue, so for greater precision, cancers are additionally classified by the type of cell that the tumor cells originated from. These types include: