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[15] [16] [17] Direct global fossil fuel subsidies reached $319 billion in 2017, and $5.2 trillion when indirect costs such as air pollution are priced in. [18] In other areas, the cost of climate change mitigation may divert resources away from other socially and environmentally beneficial investments (the opportunity costs of climate change ...
Climate change will accelerate the prevalence of pests and diseases and increase the occurrence of highly impactful events. [195] The impacts of climate change on agricultural production in Africa will have serious implications for food security and livelihoods. Between 2014 and 2018, Africa had the highest levels of food insecurity in the ...
Climate change mitigation policies can have a large and complex impact on the socio-economic status of individuals and countries This can be both positive and negative. [299] It is important to design policies well and make them inclusive. Otherwise climate change mitigation measures can impose higher financial costs on poor households. [300]
On the other hand, a little over 50% of all pork production and 70% of all poultry production worldwide originated from animals kept entirely in confined buildings even around 2006, and the raw numbers were expected to increase by 3–3.5 times for pigs, by 2–2.4 times for layer hens and 4.4–5 times for broilers.
The social cost of carbon (SCC) is the marginal cost of the impacts caused by emitting one extra tonne of carbon emissions at any point in time. [1] The purpose of putting a price on a tonne of emitted CO 2 is to aid policymakers or other legislators in evaluating whether a policy designed to curb climate change is justified.
Algorithms which have lower energy costs but run millions of times a day can also have significant carbon footprints. [10] The integration of AI into search engines could multiply energy costs significantly, [9] [12] with some estimates suggesting energy costs rising to nearly 30 billion kWh per year, an energy footprint larger than many ...
He was a Sterling Professor of Economics at Yale University, best known for his work in economic modeling and climate change, and a co-recipient of the 2018 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences. [3] Nordhaus received the prize "for integrating climate change into long-run macroeconomic analysis". [4]
Climate change can also be used more broadly to include changes to the climate that have happened throughout Earth's history. [32] Global warming—used as early as 1975 [33] —became the more popular term after NASA climate scientist James Hansen used it in his 1988 testimony in the U.S. Senate. [34] Since the 2000s, climate change has ...