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Ground wave is a mode of radio propagation that consists of currents traveling through the earth. Ground waves propagate parallel to and adjacent to the surface of the Earth, and are capable of covering long distances by diffracting around the Earth's curvature.
Ground conductivity is an extremely important factor in determining the field strength and propagation of surface wave (ground wave) radio transmissions. Low frequency (30–300 kHz) and medium frequency (300–3000 kHz) radio transmissions are particularly reliant on good ground conductivity as their primary propagation is by surface wave. [1]
Ground waves are radio waves propagating parallel to and adjacent to the surface of the Earth, following the curvature of the Earth.This radiative ground wave is known as Norton surface wave, or more properly Norton ground wave, because ground waves in radio propagation are not confined to the surface.
Radio propagation is the behavior of radio waves as they travel, or are propagated, from one point to another in vacuum, or into various parts of the atmosphere. [1]: 26‑1 As a form of electromagnetic radiation, like light waves, radio waves are affected by the phenomena of reflection, refraction, diffraction, absorption, polarization, and scattering. [2]
This mode of propagation, called ground wave, with the radio waves traveling horizontally through the atmosphere just above the surface of the Earth, is the main mode in the LF band. [3] Ground waves are absorbed by the Earth as they travel, so the signal strength (power density) decreases exponentially with distance from the transmitting ...
Radio waves (black) reflecting off the ionosphere (red) during skywave propagation. Line altitude in this image is significantly exaggerated and not to scale. In radio communication, skywave or skip refers to the propagation of radio waves reflected or refracted back toward Earth from the ionosphere, an electrically charged layer of the upper atmosphere.
In the VLF range, the transfer function is the sum of a ground wave which arrives directly at the receiver and multihop sky waves reflected at the ionospheric D-layer (Figure 1). For the real Earth's surface, the ground wave becomes dissipated and depends on the orography along the ray path. [ 5 ]
Ground waves are absorbed by the resistance of the Earth and are less important beyond several hundred to a thousand kilometres/miles, and the main mode of long-distance propagation is an Earth–ionosphere waveguide mechanism. [3]