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Mancala (Arabic: منقلة manqalah) is a family of two-player turn-based strategy board games played with small stones, beans, or seeds and rows of holes or pits in the earth, a board or other playing surface. The objective is usually to capture all or some set of the opponent's pieces.
Two Turkish girls playing mangala, 1700s [1] Mangala is a traditional Turkish mancala game. [2] It is strictly related to the mancala games Iraqi Halusa, Palestinian Al-manqala, and Baltic German Bohnenspiel. There is also another game referred as Mangala played by the Bedouin in Egypt, and Sudan, but it has quite different rules. [citation needed]
The rules for the most common seven-hole mancala versions in Malaysia, Brunei, Indonesia, the Maldives, Marianas, and the Philippines are almost identical. Each player controls the seven holes on the side of the board to their left and their score is the number of seeds in their store holes.
The player hide their right hands behind their heads. They count out aloud One..Two..Three..Go! On the word "go!", their hands come out in three ways; the thumb, index finger, or little finger is pointed toward the opposite player. [4] The pointed thumb is the elephant. The pointed index finger is the man. The pointed little finger is the ant ...
The game provides a Kalah board and a number of seeds or counters. The board has 6 small pits, called houses, on each side; and a big pit, called an end zone or store, at each end. The object of the game is to capture more seeds than one's opponent. At the beginning of the game, four seeds are placed in each house. This is the traditional method.
Ayo (Yoruba: Ayò Ọlọ́pọ́n) is a traditional mancala played by the Yoruba people in Nigeria. It is very close to the Oware game that spread to the Americas with the atlantic slave trade. Among modern mancalas, which are most often derived from Warri, the Kalah is a notable one that has essentially the same rules as Ayo.
Aw-li On-nam Ot-tjin (or simply Otjin) is a traditional mancala game played by the Penihing people of Borneo. The first transcription of the rules of the game was completed by norwegian ethnographist Carl Sofus Lumholtz. Despite its origin, Otjin is similar to african mancalas such as Ba-awa and quite different than most Asian mancalas.
The name of the game, like that of many mancala games across the world, is simply a description of the board used: it means a "wooden block with holes". It is similar [citation needed] to pallanguzhi from the neighbouring state of Tamil Nadu. There are also similarities with the traditional Malay mancala game congkak.