Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
Mortality at 60 days was the primary endpoint. The calculated sample size was 331 patients with an intent to show a 20% reduction in absolute mortality in the ECMO group. The main secondary endpoint was treatment failure – cross-over to ECMO due to refractory hypoxemia or death in the control group and death in the ECMO group.
Similarly as with adults ECMO is only indicated if reversal of the pathology for example with cardiac transplantation, is feasible. [27] When it comes to the consideration of the withdrawal of ECMO, unlike in adult populations parents are encouraged to make the final decision with guidance from the treating physicians.
The pathophysiology of acute respiratory distress syndrome involves fluid accumulation in the lungs not explained by heart failure (noncardiogenic pulmonary edema). It is typically provoked by an acute injury to the lungs that results in flooding of the lungs' microscopic air sacs responsible for the exchange of gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide with capillaries in the lungs. [1]
Acute respiratory distress syndrome was first described in 1967 by Ashbaugh et al. [10] [50] Initially there was no clearly established definition, which resulted in controversy regarding the incidence and death of ARDS. In 1988, an expanded definition was proposed, which quantified physiologic respiratory impairment.
In cases of overdose leading to respiratory arrest, the recommended treatment according to the 2015 American Heart Association guidelines is to administer intramuscular or intranasal naloxone at an initial dose of 0.04-0.4 mg. Dosing may be repeated up to 2 mg if initial dose is ineffective.
The Baux score is a system used to predict the chance of mortality due to burns. [1] The score is an index which takes into account the correlative and causal relationship between mortality and factors including advancing age, burn size, the presence of inhalational injury. [2]
Without special treatment after circulation is restarted, full recovery of the brain after more than 3 minutes of clinical death at normal body temperature is rare. [ 6 ] [ 7 ] Usually brain damage or later brain death results after longer intervals of clinical death even if the heart is restarted and blood circulation is successfully restored.
Treatment of the underlying cause is required, if possible. The treatment of acute respiratory failure may involve medication such as bronchodilators (for airways disease), [7] [8] antibiotics (for infections), glucocorticoids (for numerous causes), diuretics (for pulmonary oedema), amongst others.