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Rossoliński-Liebe sees "genocide", in this context, as a word that is sometimes used in political attacks on Ukraine. [ 221 ] However, historian Grzegorz Motyka , an expert on Polish-Ukrainian issues, argued in 2021 that "although the anti-Polish action was an ethnic cleansing, it also meets the definition of genocide".
Olszański notes that in pre-war Poland, a Ukrainian nationalist movement could develop relatively freely even in the most radical forms, including the use of terror, and that the Polish state wasn't able to solve the problems concerning coexistence of Poles and Ukrainians, which resulted in popularization of nationalist and communist movements ...
During the German invasion of Poland, which started World War II, Nazi Germany carried out a number of atrocities involving Polish prisoners of war (POWs). The first documented massacres of Polish POWs took place as early as the first day of the war; [2]: 11 others followed (ex. the Serock massacre of 5 September).
Crimes against the Polish nation committed by Nazi Germany and Axis collaborationist forces during the invasion of Poland, [3] along with auxiliary battalions during the subsequent occupation of Poland in World War II, [4] included the genocide of millions of Polish people, especially the systematic extermination of Jewish Poles.
Anti-Jewish violence in Poland from 1944 to 1946 preceded and followed the end of World War II in Europe and influenced the postwar history of the Jews and Polish-Jewish relations. It occurred amid a period of violence and anarchy across the country caused by lawlessness and anti-communist resistance against the Soviet-backed communist takeover ...
For the first time in history, these three categories of crimes were defined after the end of the war in international law as violations of fundamental human values and norms, regardless of internal (local) law or the obligation to follow superior orders. In subsequent years, the crime of genocide was elevated to a distinct, fourth category.
Political scientist Michael Shafir writes that the pogrom had been "subjected to confinement in the Communist 'black hole of history'". [69] While Gross recognized that no "sustained organizing activity" could have taken place without the Germans' consent, [ 70 ] he concluded that the massacre had been carried out entirely by Poles from ...
Polish victims of a massacre committed by the Ukrainian Insurgent Army in the village of Lipniki, Wołyń (Volhynia), 1943. On July 15, 2009, the Sejm of Poland, in its resolution (adopted by unanimous acclamation without voting procedure) stated, that the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN) and Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA) carried out "an anti-Polish action – mass killings that ...