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The ozone layer visible from space at Earth's horizon as a blue band of afterglow within the bottom of the large bright blue band that is the stratosphere, with a silhouette of a cumulonimbus in the orange afterglow of the troposphere. The ozone layer or ozone shield is a region of Earth's stratosphere that absorbs most of the Sun's ultraviolet ...
One example is the null cycle that occurs during the day between NO x and ozone. Tropospheric Null Cycle O 3 + NO → O 2 + NO 2. NO 2 + hν → NO + O(3 P) O (3 P) + O 2 + M → O 3 + M Net: hv → H This cycle links ozone to NOx in the troposphere during daytime. In equilibrium, described by the Leighton relationship, solar radiation and the ...
Each oxygen atom may then combine with an oxygen molecule to form an ozone molecule: 2. ozone creation: O + O 2 + A → O 3 + A where A denotes an additional molecule or atom, such as N 2 or O 2, required to maintain the conservation of energy and momentum in the reaction. Any excess energy is produced as kinetic energy.
This series of reactions creates a null cycle, in which there is no net production or loss of any species involved. Since O(3 P) is very reactive and O 2 is abundant, O(3 P) can be assumed to be in steady state, and thus an equation linking the concentrations of the species involved can be derived, giving the Leighton relationship: [2] [3]
NO 2 also reacts with ozone to form nitrate radical NO 2 + O 3 → NO 3 + O 2. During the daytime, NO 3 is quickly photolyzed back to NO 2, but at night it can react with a second NO 2 to form dinitrogen pentoxide. NO 2 + NO 3 (+M) → N 2 O 5 (+M). N 2 O 5 reacts rapidly with liquid water (in aerosol particles or cloud drops, but not in the ...
Earth’s protective ozone layer is slowly but noticeably healing at a pace that would fully mend the hole over Antarctica in about 43 years, a new United Nations report says. A once-every-four ...
Stage 1 (3.85–2.45 Ga): Practically no O 2 in the atmosphere. Stage 2 (2.45–1.85 Ga): O 2 produced, but absorbed in oceans and seabed rock. Stage 3 (1.85–0.85 Ga): O 2 starts to gas out of the oceans, but is absorbed by land surfaces and formation of ozone layer. Stages 4 and 5 (0.85 Ga–present): O 2 sinks filled, the gas accumulates. [1]
[1] [2] Ozone is also an important constituent of the stratosphere, where the ozone layer (2 to 8 parts per million ozone) exists which is located between 10 and 50 kilometers above the Earth's surface. [3] The troposphere extends from the ground up to a variable height of approximately 14 kilometers above sea level.