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Depending on whether a lax or strict definition is used, the term virusoid may also include Hepatitis D virus (HDV). Like plant virusoids, HDV is circular, single-stranded, and supported by a helper virus (Hepatitis B virus) to form virions; however, the virions possess a much larger genome size (~1700 nt) and encode a protein.
Viroids are small single-stranded, circular RNAs that are infectious pathogens. [1] [2] Unlike viruses, they have no protein coating.All known viroids are inhabitants of angiosperms (flowering plants), [3] and most cause diseases whose economic importance to humans varies widely. [4]
The English plural is viruses (sometimes also vira), [18] whereas the Latin word is a mass noun, which has no classically attested plural (vīra is used in Neo-Latin [19]). The adjective viral dates to 1948. [ 20 ]
This page was last edited on 31 January 2024, at 13:38 (UTC).; Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License; additional terms may apply.
Structural model at atomic resolution of bacteriophage T4 [1] The structure of a typical myovirus bacteriophage Anatomy and infection cycle of bacteriophage T4.. A bacteriophage (/ b æ k ˈ t ɪər i oʊ f eɪ dʒ /), also known informally as a phage (/ ˈ f eɪ dʒ /), is a virus that infects and replicates within bacteria and archaea.
Hepatitis delta virus or hepatitis D virus (HDV) is a small virusoid, the sole member of the Deltavirus genus. It infects humans. A subviral satellite, it can only replicate in the presence of a hepatitis B (HBV) helper virus. The spherical virion is 36 nm in diameter, with an envelope containing three HBV proteins.
An obelisk is a microscopic genetic element that consists of a type of infectious agent composed of RNA.Described as a "viroid-like element", they consist of RNA in a circular rod shape without any protein shell coating.
A helper virus is a virus that allows an otherwise-deficient coinfecting virus to replicate. These can be naturally occurring as with Hepatitis D virus, which requires Hepatitis B virus to coinfect cells in order to replicate.