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Depending on whether a lax or strict definition is used, the term virusoid may also include Hepatitis D virus (HDV). Like plant virusoids, HDV is circular, single-stranded, and supported by a helper virus (Hepatitis B virus) to form virions; however, the virions possess a much larger genome size (~1700 nt) and encode a protein.
"Viroid-like elements" refer to pieces of covalently closed circular (ccc) RNA molecules that do not share the viroid's lifecycle. The category encompasses satellite RNAs (including small plant satRNAs "virusoids", fungal "ambivirus", and the much larger HDV-like Ribozyviria) and "retroviroids".
Virusoids (Family) Satellite - RNA - Uncapsulated: Defective interfering particle: Defective interfering particle: Avocado sunblotch viroid: Viroid: Peach latent mosaic viroid: Viroid: Eggplant latent viroid: Viroid: Potato spindle tuber viroid: Viroid: Hop stunt viroid: Viroid: Coconut cadang-cadang viroid: Viroid: Apple scar skin viroid ...
Rolling circle replication produces multiple copies of a single circular template. Rolling circle replication (RCR) is a process of unidirectional nucleic acid replication that can rapidly synthesize multiple copies of circular molecules of DNA or RNA, such as plasmids, the genomes of bacteriophages, and the circular RNA genome of viroids.
Typhoid fever, also known simply as typhoid, is a disease caused by Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi bacteria, also called Salmonella Typhi. [2] [3] Symptoms vary from mild to severe, and usually begin six to 30 days after exposure.
Virus classification. Virus classification is the process of naming viruses and placing them into a taxonomic system similar to the classification systems used for cellular organisms.
The potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd, Pospiviroid fusituberis) was the first viroid to be identified. [1] [2] [3] [4] PSTVd is a small, single stranded circular RNA ...
Not to be confused with virusoids or viruses, viroids are the smallest known infectious pathogens. Viroids are small single-stranded, circular RNA that are only known to cause plant diseases, such as the potato spindle tuber viroid that affects various agricultural crops.