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Cyanobacteria such as these carry out photosynthesis.Their emergence foreshadowed the evolution of many photosynthetic plants and oxygenated Earth's atmosphere.. Biological carbon fixation, or сarbon assimilation, is the process by which living organisms convert inorganic carbon (particularly carbon dioxide, CO 2) to organic compounds.
C 4 H 4 isomers with CAS registry numbers. Hydrocarbons that include four atoms are: butane C 4 H 10; isobutane C 4 H 10; but-1-ene C 4 H 8; but-2-ene C 4 H 8; but-1-yne C 4 H 6; but-2-yne C 4 H 6; isobutylene C 4 H 8; butadiene C 4 H 6; 1,2-butadiene C 4 H 6; vinylacetylene C 4 H 4; diacetylene C 4 H 2; butatriene C 4 H 4; cyclobutane C 4 H 8 ...
A two-step chain reaction ensues in which the halogen atom abstracts a hydrogen atom from a methane molecule, resulting in the formation of a hydrogen halide molecule and a methyl radical (•CH 3). The methyl radical then reacts with a molecule of the halogen to form a molecule of the halomethane, with a new halogen atom as byproduct. [26]
A molecular form called protonated molecular hydrogen (H + 3) is found in the interstellar medium, where it is generated by ionization of molecular hydrogen from cosmic rays. This ion has also been observed in the upper atmosphere of Jupiter .
C 6 H 12 O 6 + 2 H 2 O → 2 CH 3 CO 2 H + 2 CO 2 + 4 H 2. A related reaction gives formate instead of carbon dioxide: C 6 H 12 O 6 + 2 H 2 O → 2 CH 3 CO 2 H + 2 HCO 2 H + 2 H 2. These reactions are exergonic by 216 and 209 kcal/mol, respectively. Using synthetic biology, bacteria can be genetically altered to enhance this reaction. [2] [3]
In the mid-19th century, the suffix -ene (an Ancient Greek root added to the end of female names meaning "daughter of") was widely used to refer to a molecule or part thereof that contained one fewer hydrogen atoms than the molecule being modified. Thus, ethylene (C 2 H 4) was the "daughter of ethyl" (C 2 H 5). The name ethylene was used in ...
The Earth's night sky is illuminated by diffuse light, called airglow, that is produced by radiative transitions of atoms and molecules. [4] Among the most intense such features observed in the Earth's night sky is a group of infrared transitions at wavelengths between 700 nanometers and 900 nanometers.
Acetylene (systematic name: ethyne) is the chemical compound with the formula C 2 H 2 and structure H−C≡C−H.It is a hydrocarbon and the simplest alkyne. [8] This colorless gas is widely used as a fuel and a chemical building block.