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Significant Romanian diasporas developed in other European countries (especially in Italy and Spain) and in North America, Australia and Israel. [2] Romanian is closely related to three other Eastern Romance languages, Aromanian, Megleno-Romanian and Istro-Romanian, all descending from a common Proto-Romanian language. [4]
Several theories, in great extent mutually exclusive, address the issue of the origin of the Romanians.The Romanian language descends from the Vulgar Latin dialects spoken in the Roman provinces north of the "Jireček Line" (a proposed notional line separating the predominantly Latin-speaking territories from the Greek-speaking lands in Southeastern Europe) in Late Antiquity.
As of 2023, there were 630,795 Romanian citizens living in Spain. [7] Most of the immigration took place given economic reasons. The linguistic similarities between Romanian and Spanish, as well as Romanians' Latin identity, are also a reason for the country's attractiveness to Romanians. [8]
This would exclude a similar number of Caló words that have entered mainstream Spanish slang. According to the authors of the study, the majority of gitanos acknowledge that the language is in a terminal state, with many asserting that the language is totally lost. [36] Several Caló words are part of Spanish slang including Madrid Cheli.
The same pattern is common in all Slavic languages, but it is also present in Albanian and a similar structure exists in Hungarian. [39] The structure of the Romanian decades above ten follows a digit-decad system: douăzeci ("two-tens" for 20), treizeci ("three-tens" for 30) and patruzeci ("four-tens" for 40). [39]
Romanian speakers account for 0.5% of the world's population, [40] and 4% of the Romance-speaking population of the world. [41] Romanian is the single official and national language in Romania and Moldova, although it shares the official status at regional level with other languages in the Moldovan autonomies of Gagauzia and Transnistria.
The South Romanian population also showed the highest frequency in haplogroup H at 47% (lower than in the sample from the North of Romania), haplogroup U showed a noticeable frequency at 17% (higher than in the sample from North Romania), haplogroups HV and K at 10.61% and 7.58%, respectively, while haplogroups M, X and A were absent.
The first direct Spanish-Romanian political relations date back to the 15th century, when the Voivode of Transylvania, John Hunyadi and King Alfonso V of Aragon signed a cooperation treaty. [1] On 12 April 1880, Spain recognized the independence of Romania after the Romanian War of Independence from the Ottoman Empire. [1]