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The rise of nationalism in Europe was stimulated by the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars. [1] [2] American political science professor Leon Baradat has argued that “nationalism calls on people to identify with the interests of their national group and to support the creation of a state – a nation-state – to support those ...
Several scholars of nationalism support the existence of nationalism in the Middle Ages (mainly in Europe). This school of thought differs from modernism , the predominant school of thought on nationalism, which suggests that nationalism developed largely after the late 18th century and the French Revolution .
Nationalism has provided a significant framework for historical writing in Europe and in those former colonies influenced by Europe since the nineteenth century. Typically official school textbooks are based on the nationalist model and focus on the emergence, trials and successes of the forces of nationalism.
Ethnic nationalism, also known as ethnonationalism, [6] is a form of nationalism wherein the nation and nationality are defined in terms of ethnicity, [7] [8] with emphasis on an ethnocentric (and in some cases an ethnocratic) approach to various political issues related to national affirmation of a particular ethnic group. [9] [10]
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Ethnic nationalism, also known as ethno-nationalism, is a form of nationalism wherein the "nation" is defined in terms of ethnicity. [223] The central theme of ethnic nationalists is that "nations are defined by a shared heritage, which usually includes a common language , a common faith, and a common ethnic ancestry ". [ 224 ]
Integral nationalism (French: nationalisme intégral) is a type of nationalism [1] [2] [3] that originated in 19th-century France, was theorized by Charles Maurras and mainly expressed in the ultra-royalist circles of the Action Française.
Polish nationalism (Polish: polski nacjonalizm) is a nationalism which asserts that the Polish people are a nation and which affirms the cultural unity of Poles. British historian of Poland Norman Davies defines nationalism as "a doctrine ... to create a nation by arousing people's awareness of their nationality, and to mobilize their feelings ...