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Threonine (symbol Thr or T) [2] is an amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.It contains an α-amino group (which is in the protonated −NH + 3 form when dissolved in water), a carboxyl group (which is in the deprotonated −COO − form when dissolved in water), and a side chain containing a hydroxyl group, making it a polar, uncharged amino acid.
Allothreonine is an amino acid with the formula CH 3 CH(OH)CH(NH 2)CO 2 H. It is the diastereomer of the amino acid threonine. Like most other amino acids, allothreonine is a water-soluble colorless solid. Although not one of the proteinogenic amino acids, it has often been the subject for the synthesis of novel proteins using an expanded ...
Asn-Gly (NG),is the most flexible and since it is acidic, it is most prone to deamidation with a half-life around 24 h under physiological conditions (pH 7.4, 37 °C). [3] As a free amino acid, or as the N-terminal residue of a peptide or protein, glutamine deamidates readily to form pyroglutamic acid (5-oxoproline). The reaction proceeds via ...
Threonine proteases use the secondary alcohol of their N-terminal threonine as a nucleophile to perform catalysis. [1] [2] The threonine must be N-terminal since the terminal amine of the same residue acts as a general base by polarising an ordered water which deprotonates the alcohol to increase its reactivity as a nucleophile.
Threonine proteases use the amino acid threonine as their catalytic nucleophile. Unlike cysteine and serine, threonine is a secondary hydroxyl (i.e. has a methyl group). This methyl group greatly restricts the possible orientations of triad and substrate as the methyl clashes with either the enzyme backbone or histidine base. [2]
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Carbon dioxide dissolves in water, lowering the pH level and making it more acidic. There may also be changes in mineral content. Water will always react to everything around it because it is a ...
TCEP is available from various chemical suppliers as the hydrochloride salt. When dissolved in water, TCEP-HCl is acidic. A reported preparation is a 0.5 M TCEP-HCl aqueous stock solution that is pH adjusted to near-neutral pH and stored frozen at -20˚C. [12] TCEP is reportedly less stable in phosphate buffers. [12]