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By comparison, powers of two with negative exponents are fractions: for positive integer n, 2 −n is one half multiplied by itself n times. Thus the first few negative powers of 2 are 1 / 2 , 1 / 4 , 1 / 8 , 1 / 16 , etc. Sometimes these are called inverse powers of two because each is the multiplicative inverse of ...
The fine-structure constant gives the maximum positive charge of an atomic nucleus that will allow a stable electron-orbit around it within the Bohr model (element feynmanium). [20] For an electron orbiting an atomic nucleus with atomic number Z the relation is m v 2 / r = 1 / 4π ε 0 Z e 2 / r 2 .
For example, among the positive integers of at most 1000 digits, about one in 2300 is prime (log(10 1000) ≈ 2302.6), whereas among positive integers of at most 2000 digits, about one in 4600 is prime (log(10 2000) ≈ 4605.2). In other words, the average gap between consecutive prime numbers among the first N integers is roughly log(N). [3]
The number e is a mathematical constant approximately equal to 2.71828 that is the base of the natural logarithm and exponential function.It is sometimes called Euler's number, after the Swiss mathematician Leonhard Euler, though this can invite confusion with Euler numbers, or with Euler's constant, a different constant typically denoted .
It also means that the equation b * (a // b) + a % b == a is valid for both positive and negative values of a. However, maintaining the validity of this equation means that while the result of a%b is, as expected, in the half-open interval [0, b), where b is a positive integer, it has to lie in the interval (b, 0] when b is negative. [123]
In modern chemistry, the p stands for "the negative decimal logarithm of", and is used in the term pK a for acid dissociation constants, [11] so pH is "the negative decimal logarithm of H + ion concentration", while pOH is "the negative decimal logarithm of OH − ion concentration".
Integer variables can be assigned using decimal (positive and negative), octal, hexadecimal, and binary notations. [citation needed] Floating-point numbers are also stored in a platform-specific range. They can be specified using floating-point notation, or two forms of scientific notation. [221]
Leading cause of death (2016) (world) The following is a list of the causes of human deaths worldwide for different years arranged by their associated mortality rates. In 2002, there were about 57 million deaths.