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A quadruple jump or quad is a figure skating jump with at least four (but fewer than five) revolutions. [1] All quadruple jumps have four revolutions, except for the quadruple Axel, which has four and a half revolutions. The quadruple toe loop and quadruple Salchow are the two most commonly performed quads.
By the middle of the 20th century, they had graduated to double jumps. By the 1980s, the triple Lutz was the benchmark for men. Throughout the '80s, it was the triple Axel, though attempts at a quad were already being made. Finally, a quadruple jump became an essential element in the programs of many men in the '90s and into the new millennium.
The Axel jump, also called the Axel Paulsen jump for its creator, Norwegian figure skater Axel Paulsen, is an edge jump. [51] It is figure skating's oldest and most difficult jump. [18] [49] The Axel jump is the most studied jump in figure skating. [52] It is the only jump that begins with a forward takeoff, which makes it the easiest jump to ...
Browning performing "Singin' in the Rain" in Art on Ice 2014Kurt Browning CM (born June 18, 1966) is a Canadian figure skater, choreographer and commentator.He is the first skater to land a ratified quadruple jump in competition.
Surya Varuna Claudine Bonaly was born in Nice, France, on 15 December 1973. [1] Her birth name was Claudine; when she was adopted out of an orphanage at the age of eight months by Suzanne Bonaly, a physical education teacher in Nice, and Georges Bonaly, a draftsman who worked for the French government, she was named after the Hindu deities Surya and Varuna.
A jump with four full rotations (1440 degrees) in the air. In a quadruple Axel, the skater would need to complete 4.5 revolutions (1620 degrees). qualifying round A round of competition prior to the short program or compulsory dance to determine which skaters qualify to compete in the main competition
She then completed a quadruple Lutz, a "much better" triple Axel, a triple loop, and "two excellent combinations—triple Lutz-triple toe loop and triple Lutz-Euler-triple Salchow". [30] She ended her program with a triple flip and earned three level-4 spins. [31] She earned a season's best score of 138.99 in the free skate and 203.10 overall.
The number of rotations performed in the air determines whether the jump is a single, double, triple, or quadruple (commonly known as a "quad"). The simplest jump is a waltz jump, which can only be done in a half-leap and is not classified as a single, double, or triple jump.