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Rho (/ ˈ r oʊ /; uppercase Ρ, lowercase ρ or ϱ; Greek: ρο or ρω) is the seventeenth letter of the Greek alphabet. In the system of Greek numerals it has a value of 100. It is derived from Phoenician letter res .
Greek letters are used in mathematics, science, engineering, and other areas where mathematical notation is used as symbols for constants, special functions, and also conventionally for variables representing certain quantities. In these contexts, the capital letters and the small letters represent distinct and unrelated entities.
rho: mass density usually simply called density kilogram per cubic meter (kg/m 3) volume charge density: coulomb per cubic meter (C/m 3) resistivity: ohm meter (Ω⋅m) sigma: summation operator area charge density: coulomb per square meter (C/m 2) electrical conductivity: siemens per meter (S/m) normal stress: pascal (Pa)
The symbol most often used for density is ρ (the lower case Greek letter rho), although the Latin letter D can also be used. Mathematically, density is defined as mass divided by volume: [ 1 ] ρ = m V , {\displaystyle \rho ={\frac {m}{V}},} where ρ is the density, m is the mass, and V is the volume.
A mathematical constant is a key number whose value is fixed by an unambiguous definition, often referred to by a symbol (e.g., an alphabet letter), or by mathematicians' names to facilitate using it across multiple mathematical problems. [1]
In electromagnetism, charge density is the amount of electric charge per unit length, surface area, or volume. Volume charge density (symbolized by the Greek letter ρ) is the quantity of charge per unit volume, measured in the SI system in coulombs per cubic meter (C⋅m −3), at any point in a volume.
The spectral radius of a finite graph is defined to be the spectral radius of its adjacency matrix.. This definition extends to the case of infinite graphs with bounded degrees of vertices (i.e. there exists some real number C such that the degree of every vertex of the graph is smaller than C).
Rho factor, a bacterial protein; Rho family of GTPases, including RhoA, RhoB, and RhoC; Rhodopsin, a protein encoded by the RHO gene; ρ, reaction constant in the Hammett equation in chemistry; ρ, measures sensitivity to the interest rate in finance