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An ELF file has two views: the program header shows the segments used at run time, whereas the section header lists the set of sections.. In computing, the Executable and Linkable Format [2] (ELF, formerly named Extensible Linking Format) is a common standard file format for executable files, object code, shared libraries, and core dumps.
In addition to the binary application code, the executables may contain headers and tables with relocation and fixup information as well as various kinds of meta data. Among those formats listed, the ones in most common use are PE (on Microsoft Windows), ELF (on Linux and most other versions of Unix), Mach-O (on macOS and iOS) and MZ (on DOS).
Both programs are capable of displaying the contents of ELF format files. objdump sees an ELF file through a BFD filter. If BFD has a bug where it disagrees about a machine constant in e_flags, then the odds are good that it will remain internally consistent. The linker sees it the BFD way, objdump sees it the BFD way, GAS sees it the BFD way.
MPEG-1 Layer 3 file without an ID3 tag or with an ID3v1 tag (which is appended at the end of the file) 49 44 33: ID3: 0 mp3 MP3 file with an ID3v2 container 42 4D: BM: 0 bmp dib BMP file, a bitmap format used mostly in the Windows world 43 44 30 30 31: CD001: 0x8001 0x8801 0x9001 iso ISO9660 CD/DVD image file [40] 43 44 30 30 31: CD001: 0x5EAC9 ...
Linux kernel boot and decompression process. vmlinux is a statically linked executable file that contains the Linux kernel in one of the object file formats supported by Linux, which includes Executable and Linkable Format (ELF) and Common Object File Format (COFF).
In Unix-like systems that use ELF for executable images and dynamic libraries, such as Solaris, 64-bit versions of HP-UX, Linux, FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD, and DragonFly BSD, the path of the dynamic linker that should be used is embedded at link time into the .interp section of the executable's PT_INTERP segment.
A variant of PJW hash had been used to create ElfHash or Elf64 hash that is used in Unix object files with ELF format. Allen Holub has created a portable version of PJW hash algorithm that had a bug and ended up in several textbooks, as the author of one of these textbooks later admitted. [1]
COFF – (no suffix for executable image, .o for object files) Unix Common Object File Format, now often superseded by ELF; COM – Simple executable format used by CP/M and DOS. DCU – Delphi compiled unit; DLL – Dynamic library used in Windows and OS/2 to store data, resources and code.