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Attempts to subdivide this large taxonomic unit into separate genera have been made. The classification of eimeriid coccidian was largely based on morphological and life cycle details. [ 14 ] More recently, classification has been done using rDNA and mitochondrial genes , which indicate Eimeria may be paraphyletic to Isospora and Cyclospora [ 15 ]
The main difference between the coccidians and the gregarines is in the gamonts. In the coccidia, these are small, intracellular, and without epimerites or mucrons. In the gregarines, these are large, extracellular, and possess epimerites or mucrons. A second difference between the coccidia and the gregarines also lies in the gamonts.
Coccidia can infect all mammals, some birds, some fish, some reptiles, and some amphibians. Most species of coccidia are species-specific in their host. An exception is Toxoplasma gondii, which can infect all mammals, although it can only undergo sexual reproduction in cats. Depending on the species of coccidia, infection can cause fever ...
For example, the U.S. biotechnology company BioTork is piloting the use of raw materials such as unmarketable papaya and by-products from biodiesel production to produce fish feed components, [9] as well as feeding agricultural waste to algae and fungi that manufacture some of the proteins and omega-3 oils needed for fish food. [10]
The diagnosis is made by microscopic examination of the stool. Distinguishing between the species of Cystoisospora is most easily done with PCR. This method can also be used to make the diagnosis. Treatment is based on trimethoprim-sulfonamides with clindamycin or toltrazuril for resistant strains. [6]
The biliary Eimeria-like coccidia of reptiles are classified into the genus Choleoeimeria and form a sister clade to the family Eimeriidae. References This ...
The fish responds by walling off the parasitic infection into a number of cysts that contain milky fluid. This fluid is an accumulation of a large number of parasites. Henneguya and other parasites in the myxosporean group have a complex lifecycle where the salmon is one of two hosts. The fish releases the spores after spawning.
Eimeria tenella has a monogenetic life cycle, that is, the life cycle involves a single host. [2] Various stages of its complicated life cycle may conveniently be described under two phases, asexual cycle or schizogony and sexual cycle involving gametogony.