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11-Eicosenoic acid, also called gondoic acid, is a monounsaturated omega-9 fatty acid found in a variety of plant oils and nuts; in particular jojoba oil. [2] It is one of a number of eicosenoic acids .
Eicosenoic acid has 20 carbons, is found in a wide variety of plant oils, and is a cis-11-mono-unsaturated fatty acid. C 19 H 37 CO 2 H, IUPAC organization name (Z)-icos-11-enoic acid, numerical representation 20:1 (11), n-9, molecular weight 310.51. CAS Registry Number 5561-99-9.
The fatty acid content of Jojoba oil can vary significantly depending on the soil and climate in which the plant is grown, as well as when it is harvested and how the oil is processed. In general, it contains a high proportion of mono-unsaturated fatty acids, primarily 11-Eicosenoic acid (gondoic acid).
In chemical structure, EPA is a carboxylic acid with a 20-carbon chain and five cis double bonds; the first double bond is located at the third carbon from the omega end. EPA is a polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) that acts as a precursor for prostaglandin-3 (which inhibits platelet aggregation ), thromboxane-3 , and leukotriene-5 eicosanoids .
Vaccenic acid is a naturally occurring trans fatty acid and an omega-7 fatty acid. It is the predominant kind of trans-fatty acid found in human milk, in the fat of ruminants, and in dairy products such as milk, butter, and yogurt. [1] [2] Trans fat in human milk may depend on trans fat content in food.
Eicosenoic acid may refer to one of three closely related chemical compounds: 9-Eicosenoic acid (gadoleic acid), an omega-11 fatty acid (20:1ω11) 11-Eicosenoic acid (gondoic acid), an omega-9 fatty acid (20:1ω9)
Oleic acid (18:1, n−9), which is a main component of olive oil, macadamia oil and other monounsaturated fats; Erucic acid (22:1, n−9), which is found in rapeseed, wallflower seed, and mustard seed. Rapeseed with high erucic acid content is grown for commercial use in paintings and coatings as a drying oil.
It is formed by a desaturation of dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA, 20:3 ω-6). all-cis-8,11,14,17-eicosatetraenoic acid is an ω-3 fatty acid. It is an intermediate between stearidonic acid (18:4 ω-3) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5 ω-3) Some chemistry sources define 'arachadonic acid' to designate any of the eicosatetraenoic acids.