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This is a list of countries by external debt: it is the total public and private debt owed to nonresidents repayable in internationally accepted currencies, goods or services, where the public debt is the money or credit owed by any level of government, from central to local, and the private debt the money or credit owed by private households or private corporations based on the country under ...
The external debt of India is the debt the country owes to foreign creditors. The debtors can be the Union government , state governments , corporations or citizens of India. The debt includes money owed to private commercial banks , foreign governments, or international financial institutions such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and ...
(b) foreign debt to exports ratio, (c) government debt to current fiscal revenue ratio etc. This set of indicators also covers the structure of the outstanding debt, including: (d) Share of foreign debt, (e) Short-term debt, and (f) Concessional debt ("loans with an original grant element of 25 percent or more") [9] in the total debt stock. [10]
[1]: 81 A debt instrument is a financial claim that requires payment of interest and/or principal by the debtor to the creditor in the future. Examples include debt securities (such as bonds and bills), loans, and government employee pension obligations. [1]: 207 Net debt equals gross debt minus financial assets that are debt instruments.
The United States, for example, gleans a substantially larger rate of return from foreign capital than foreigners do from owning United States capital. In the traditional accounting of balance of payments, the current account equals the change in net foreign assets. A current account deficit implies a reduction of net foreign assets:
The foreign exchange reserves of India are holdings of cash, bank deposits, bonds, and other financial assets denominated in currencies other than India's national currency, the Indian rupee. The foreign-exchange reserves are managed by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) for the Indian government , and the main component is foreign currency assets.
In economics, the concept of net foreign assets relates to balance of payments identity.. The net foreign asset (NFA) position of a country is the value of its net claims on the rest of the world (RoW), i. e. the value of the assets that country owns abroad, minus the value of the domestic assets owned by foreigners:
In 1980, the United States net international-creditor position was bigger than the total net creditor-positions of all the other countries in the world. [3] Only six years later, in 1986, when the nation’s international investment position was at a year-end negative $107.4 billion, the U.S. became a net-debtor nation for the first time since 1914, when its nominal debt had reached $2 billion ...