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Heparin may be used for both prevention and the treatment of thrombosis. It exists in two main forms: an "unfractionated" form that can be injected under the skin (subcutaneously) or through an intravenous infusion , and a "low molecular weight" form that is generally given subcutaneously.
Bivalirudin, sold under the brand names Angiomax and Angiox, among others, is a specific and reversible direct thrombin inhibitor (DTI). [2] Chemically, it is a synthetic congener of the naturally occurring drug hirudin, found in the saliva of the medicinal leech Hirudo medicinalis.
As they are administered by injection (intravenous, intramuscular or subcutaneous), they are less suitable for long-term treatment. [ 1 ] Argatroban (as well as the hirudins) is used for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia , a relatively infrequent yet serious complication of heparin treatment that requires anticoagulation (as it increases both ...
Heparin, also known as unfractionated heparin (UFH), is a medication and naturally occurring glycosaminoglycan. [3] [4] Heparin is a blood anticoagulant that increases the activity of antithrombin. [5] It is used in the treatment of heart attacks and unstable angina. [3] It can be given intravenously or by injection under the skin. [3]
A 2021 review found that low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) was superior to unfractionated heparin in the initial treatment of venous thromboembolism for people with cancer. [3] There are medication-based interventions and non-medication-based interventions. [4]
Argatroban is an anticoagulant that is a small molecule direct thrombin inhibitor. [3] In 2000, argatroban was licensed by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for prophylaxis or treatment of thrombosis in people with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT).
The low molecular weight of both sulodexide fractions allows for extensive oral absorption compared to unfractionated heparin.The pharmacological effects of sulodexide differ substantially from other glycosaminoglycans and are mainly characterized by a prolonged half-life and reduced effect on global coagulation and bleeding parameters. [1]
The medication is contraindicated in patients with a history of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia with or without disseminated intravascular coagulation; acute bleeding or risk of bleeding; injury or surgery of the central nervous system, eyes or ears; severe liver or pancreas impairment; and acute or subacute bacterial endocarditis. [2]