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Any solution of the free Dirac equation is, for each of its four components, a solution of the free Klein–Gordon equation. Despite historically it was invented as a single particle equation the Klein–Gordon equation cannot form the basis of a consistent quantum relativistic one-particle theory, any relativistic theory implies creation and ...
The Klein paradox is an unexpected consequence of relativity on the interaction of quantum particles with electrostatic potentials. The quantum mechanical problem of free particles striking an electrostatic step potential has two solutions when relativity is ignored.
A classical free scalar field satisfies the Klein–Gordon equation. If a scalar field is denoted φ {\displaystyle \varphi } , a quartic interaction is represented by adding a potential energy term ( λ / 4 !
The classical equations of motion of a field are typically identical in form to the (quantum) equations for the wave-function of one of its quanta. For example, the Klein–Gordon equation is the classical equation of motion for a free scalar field, but also the quantum equation for a scalar particle wave-function.
Moreover, the free fields operators, i.e. when interactions are assumed not to exist, turn out to (formally) satisfy the same equation as do the fields (wave functions) in many cases. Thus the Klein–Gordon equation (spin 0) and the Dirac equation (spin 1 ⁄ 2) in this guise remain in the theory.
which is an eigenvalue equation. Very often, only numerical solutions to the Schrödinger equation can be found for a given physical system and its associated potential energy. However, there exists a subset of physical systems for which the form of the eigenfunctions and their associated energies, or eigenvalues, can be found.
The Higgs field φ satisfies the Klein–Gordon equation. The weak interaction fields Z, W ± satisfy the Proca equation. These equations can be solved exactly. One usually does so by considering first solutions that are periodic with some period L along each spatial axis; later taking the limit: L → ∞ will lift this periodicity restriction.
In mathematical physics, the Gordon decomposition [1] (named after Walter Gordon) of the Dirac current is a splitting of the charge or particle-number current into a part that arises from the motion of the center of mass of the particles and a part that arises from gradients of the spin density.