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NREL provides a chart of the highest confirmed conversion efficiencies for research cells for various photovoltaic technologies from 1976 to the present. The chart can be accessed, downloaded, or explored interactively, and includes data from independent test labs and companies/institutions.
Explore the highest confirmed conversion efficiencies for research cells for five major photovoltaic technologies from 1976 to the present. Zoom, filter, and download the data from this interactive chart maintained by NREL.
Explore the efficiency of solar cells from different photovoltaic (PV) technologies over the last 50 years with the new interactive tool from NREL. Customize the chart, see details on each data point, and export customized charts with the new tool.
NREL maintains a chart of the highest confirmed conversion efficiencies for champion modules for a range of photovoltaic technologies, plotted from 1988 to the present. The chart shows the module efficiency results by semiconductor type, area, and company or institution, and provides links to download the data and learn how NREL can help with certified efficiency measurements.
National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) maintains a plot of compiled values of highest confirmed conversion efficiencies for research cells, from 1976 to the present, for a range of photovoltaic technologies.
A research article published in Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications, presenting consolidated tables of the highest confirmed efficiencies for solar cells and modules. The article also includes charts of efficiency improvements since 1993, guidelines for inclusion of results, and a list of test centres.
A journal article by NREL and other researchers that provides consolidated tables of the highest confirmed efficiencies for solar cells and modules. The article also includes graphs of the progress and test centres for each cell technology over 30 years.
A journal article by NREL and other institutions that lists the highest confirmed efficiencies for solar cells and modules. The article provides guidelines for inclusion of results and reviews new entries since July 2023.
NREL provides various data and tools for modeling and analyzing PV technologies, including PVWatts Calculator. PVWatts estimates energy production and costs of grid-connected PV systems based on location, system size, and performance parameters.
A comprehensive list of the highest independently confirmed efficiencies for solar cells and modules under standard test conditions. Includes data from various test centres and technologies, such as silicon, GaAs, CIGS, CdTe, and perovskites.