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Botts' dots (turtles in Washington and Oregon or buttons in Texas and other southern states) are round non-reflective ceramic [1] raised pavement markers. In many parts of the US, Botts' dots are used, along with reflective raised pavement markers , to mark lanes on highways and arterial roads .
A white retroreflective raised pavement marker (Stimsonite design) A blue raised pavement marker (for marking the location of fire hydrants) White markers — for lane markings or to mark the right pavement edge. Yellow or orange markers — These separate traffic moving in opposite directions, or mark the left pavement edge on one-way roadways.
Pavement markings may be permanent or removable. Interim markings are temporary markings used in place of a pavement for two weeks or until a real pavement is installed in that specific area. These broken-line markings are at least ten feet (3.0 m) in length. Raised pavement markers are used to supplement or replace pavement markings. They may ...
On many California streets, the speed limit is painted onto the road surface to alert drivers to a reduced speed zone. At some complex junctions, route shield pavement markings guide drivers into the correct lane in advance of an overhead guide sign. Pavement marking test areas exist throughout the United States on various major roads.
Raised pavement marker or raised reflective marker A road surface marker used on roads, usually made with plastic, ceramic, thermoplastic paint or occasionally metal, and come in a variety of shapes and colors. Ramp. See slip road. Ramp meter A device that regulates the flow of traffic entering a freeway. Ranch-to-market road or ranch road
Elbert Dysart Botts (January 2, 1893 – April 10, 1962) was the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) engineer credited with overseeing the research that led to the development of Botts' dots and possibly the epoxy used to attach them to the road.
An elevated highway is a controlled-access highway that is raised above grade for its entire length. Elevation is usually constructed as viaducts , typically a long pier bridge . Technically, the entire highway is a single bridge.
The IRI is used in managing pavement assets, as well as sometimes in evaluating new construction to determine bonus/penalty payments for contractors or for identifying specific locations where repairs or improvements (e.g., grinding or resurfacing) are recommended.
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