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163.06 g/mol Appearance colorless liquid Density: 1.324 g/cm 3: Melting point: −57 °C (−71 °F; 216 K) Boiling point: 166 to 167 °C (331 to 333 °F; 439 to 440 K) Hazards Flash point: 62.8 °C (145.0 °F; 335.9 K) Related compounds
Calculating the ee product is considerably more challenging than in the simple ML 2 model. Each of the two heterochiral catalytic complexes should react at the same rate. The homochiral catalytic complexes, similar to the ML 2 case, should also react at the same rate. As such, the correction parameter g is still calculated as the rate of the ...
Other driving forces including the tighter transition state [10] and higher polarizability of α-nucleophiles, involvement of intramolecular catalysis also plays a role. Another in silico study did find a correlation between the alpha effect and the so-called deformation energy, which is the electronic energy required to bring the two reactants ...
Coke or more reactive metals are used to reduce metals by carbon from their metal oxides, [6] such as in the carbothermic reaction of zinc oxide (zincite) to produce zinc metal: + + and the use of aluminium to produce manganese from manganese dioxide:
The Curtin–Hammett principle is a principle in chemical kinetics proposed by David Yarrow Curtin and Louis Plack Hammett.It states that, for a reaction that has a pair of reactive intermediates or reactants that interconvert rapidly (as is usually the case for conformational isomers), each going irreversibly to a different product, the product ratio will depend both on the difference in ...
Additionally, the reactivity of two series of ketones are in the orders Cl 3 CCOCH 3 > CH 3 COCH 3 > C 6 H 5 COCH 3 and cyclohexanone > cyclopentanone > cycloheptanone > cyclooctanone. [7] [8] These orders of reactivity are the same as those observed for reactions that are well established as proceeding through nucleophilic attack on a carbonyl ...
In chemistry, racemization is a conversion, by heat or by chemical reaction, of an optically active compound into a racemic (optically inactive) form. This creates a 1:1 molar ratio of enantiomers and is referred to as a racemic mixture (i.e. contain equal amount of (+) and (−) forms).
[10] [11] [12] Using an allene instead of a simple alkene as the precursor gives an intermediate that can react at the γ carbon rather than at the α. [13] At the same time, it can be challenging to develop suitable reaction conditions.