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Haptoglobin (abbreviated as Hp) is the protein that in humans is encoded by the HP gene. [5][6] In blood plasma, haptoglobin binds with high affinity to free hemoglobin [7] released from erythrocytes, and thereby inhibits its deleterious oxidative activity. Compared to Hp, hemopexin binds to free heme. [8]
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is an autoimmune disorder which occurs when antibodies directed against the person's own red blood cells (RBCs) cause them to burst (lyse), leading to an insufficient number of oxygen-carrying red blood cells in circulation (anemia). The lifetime of the RBCs is reduced from the normal 100–120 days to just a ...
Hemolytic anemia accounts for 5% of all existing anemias.[2] It has numerous possible consequences, ranging from general symptoms to life-threatening systemic effects.[2] The general classification of hemolytic anemia is either intrinsic or extrinsic.[3] Treatment depends on the type and cause of the hemolytic anemia.
Type of jaundice. Hemolytic jaundice, also known as prehepatic jaundice, is a type of jaundicearising from hemolysisor excessive destruction of red blood cells, when the byproduct bilirubinis not excreted by the hepaticcells quickly enough.[1] Unless the patient is concurrently affected by hepatic dysfunctions or is experiencing hepatocellular ...
Hemolytic–uremic syndrome (HUS) is a group of blood disorders characterized by low red blood cells, acute kidney injury (previously called acute renal failure), and low platelets. [1] [3] Initial symptoms typically include bloody diarrhea, fever, vomiting, and weakness. [1] [2] Kidney problems and low platelets then occur as the diarrhea ...
The most common antibody isotype involved in warm antibody AIHA is IgG, though sometimes IgA is found. The IgG antibodies attach to a red blood cell, leaving their F C portion exposed with maximal reactivity at 37 °C (versus cold antibody induced hemolytic anemia whose antibodies only bind red blood cells at low body temperatures, typically 28–31 °C).
[8]: 1931 Laboratory tests may also reveal low levels of platelets (cells in the blood that aid in clotting), [1] elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH, a chemical released from damaged cells, and which is therefore a marker of cellular damage), [7] decreased haptoglobin (indicative of the breakdown of red blood cells), [7] anemia (low red blood ...
Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia. Other names. MAHA. Specialty. Hematology. Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA) is a microangiopathic subgroup of hemolytic anemia (loss of red blood cells through destruction) caused by factors in the small blood vessels. It is identified by the finding of anemia and schistocytes on microscopy of the blood ...