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  2. Variable-frequency drive - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable-frequency_drive

    Variable-frequency drive. A variable-frequency drive (VFD, or adjustable-frequency drive, adjustable-speed drive, variable-speed drive, AC drive, micro drive, inverter drive, or drive) is a type of AC motor drive (system incorporating a motor) that controls speed and torque by varying the frequency of the input electricity.

  3. Direct torque control - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_torque_control

    Direct torque control. Direct torque control (DTC) is one method used in variable-frequency drives to control the torque (and thus finally the speed) of three-phase AC electric motors. This involves calculating an estimate of the motor's magnetic flux and torque based on the measured voltage and current of the motor.

  4. Motor controller - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_controller

    A motor controller is a device or group of devices that can coordinate in a predetermined manner the performance of an electric motor. [1] A motor controller might include a manual or automatic means for starting and stopping the motor, selecting forward or reverse rotation, selecting and regulating the speed, regulating or limiting the torque, and protecting against overloads and electrical ...

  5. Pulse-width modulation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse-width_modulation

    Direct torque control is a method used to control AC motors. It is closely related with the delta modulation (see above). Motor torque and magnetic flux are estimated and these are controlled to stay within their hysteresis bands by turning on a new combination of the device's semiconductor switches each time either signal tries to deviate out ...

  6. H-bridge - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H-bridge

    H-bridge. An H-bridge is an electronic circuit that switches the polarity of a voltage applied to a load. These circuits are often used in robotics and other applications to allow DC motors to run forwards or backwards. [1] The name is derived from its common schematic diagram representation, with four switching elements configured as the ...

  7. Vector control (motor) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector_control_(motor)

    In vector control, an AC induction or synchronous motor is controlled under all operating conditions like a separately excited DC motor. [21] That is, the AC motor behaves like a DC motor in which the field flux linkage and armature flux linkage created by the respective field and armature (or torque component) currents are orthogonally aligned such that, when torque is controlled, the field ...

  8. Arduino Uno - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arduino_UNO

    The Arduino Uno is an open-source microcontroller board based on the Microchip ATmega328P microcontroller (MCU) and developed by Arduino.cc and initially released in 2010. [2] [3] The microcontroller board is equipped with sets of digital and analog input/output (I/O) pins that may be interfaced to various expansion boards (shields) and other circuits. [1]

  9. Stepper motor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stepper_motor

    A stepper motor, also known as step motor or stepping motor, [1] is a Brushless DC electric motor that rotates in a series of small and discrete angular steps. [2] Stepper motors can be set to any given step position without needing a position sensor for feedback. The step position can be rapidly increased or decreased to create continuous ...