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Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) is a medically approved way to treat people with tobacco use disorder by taking nicotine through means other than tobacco. [ 6 ] It is used to help with quitting smoking or stopping chewing tobacco. [ 1 ][ 7 ] It increases the chance of quitting tobacco smoking by about 55%. [ 8 ]
Vaping-associated pulmonary injury (VAPI), [ 4 ] also known as vaping-associated lung injury (VALI) [ 1 ] or e-cigarette, or vaping, product use associated lung injury (E/VALI), [ 2 ][ a ] is an umbrella term, [ 15 ][ 16 ] used to describe lung diseases associated with the use of vaping products that can be severe and life-threatening. [ 3 ]
hide. The health effects of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) include a range of potential risks such as exposure to toxic chemicals, the possibility of increased likelihood of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, and concerns about their possible role in cancer development. Upon their introduction, there were marketing claims that they ...
Nicotine dependence[notes 2] is a state of substance dependence on nicotine. [3] It is a chronic, relapsing disease characterized by a compulsive craving to use the drug despite social consequences, loss of control over drug intake, and the emergence of withdrawal symptoms. [7] Tolerance is another component of drug dependence. [8]
Pulmonary drug delivery. Illustration of the respiratory system. Pulmonary drug delivery is a route of administration in which patients use an inhaler to inhale their medications and drugs are absorbed into the bloodstream via the lung mucous membrane. This technique is most commonly used in the treatment of lung diseases, for example, asthma ...
Evidence revealed that common medicines varenicline, cytisine, and nicotine e-cigarettes were the most effective treatments. Varenicline is a prescription oral tablet designed to help with smoking ...
Nicotine is associated with cardiovascular disease, possible birth defects, and poisoning. [148] In vitro studies of nicotine have associated it with cancer, but carcinogenicity has not been demonstrated in vivo. [148] There is inadequate research to show that nicotine is associated with cancer in humans. [170]
Tobacco harm reduction (THR) is a public health strategy to lower the health risks to individuals and wider society associated with using tobacco products. It is an example of the concept of harm reduction, a strategy for dealing with the use of drugs. Tobacco smoking is widely acknowledged as a leading cause of illness and death, [1] and ...