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The geodatabase can also contain topology information, and can model behavior of features, such as road intersections, with rules on how features relate to one another. [71] When working with geodatabases, it is important to understand feature classes which are a set of features, represented with points, lines, or polygons.
The origin of the geodatabase was in the mid-1990s during the emergence of the first spatial databases.One early approach to integrating relational databases and GIS was the use of server middleware, a third-party program that stores the spatial data in database tables in a custom format, and translates it dynamically into a logical model that can be understood by the client software.
The shapefile format is a geospatial vector data format for geographic information system (GIS) software.It is developed and regulated by Esri as a mostly open specification for data interoperability among Esri and other GIS software products. [1]
Esri Enterprise Geodatabase - A proprietary model for storing a geodatabase structure in a variety of commercial and open-source relational database management systems [14] GeoPackage (GPKG) – A standards-based, open format based on the SQLite database format for both vector and raster data, adopted by the Open Geospatial Consortium [ 15 ]
As with lines, curved boundaries may be allowed; usually a single feature may include multiple polygons, which OGC-SFA collectively terms a surface. Text (alternatively called annotation): a minority of vector data formats, including the Esri geodatabase and Autodesk.dwg, support the storage of text in the
ArcSDE supports the Esri geodatabase implementation. The product began as stand-alone software: Esri integrated it into ArcGIS version 9.2. [3] [4] In 2013 ESRI announced plans to deprecate the ArcSDE command line tools and the ArcSDE application server following the forthcoming release of ArcGIS 10.2. [5]
For example, the Esri geodatabase stores vector data ("feature classes") as spaghetti data, but can build a "network dataset" structure of connections on top of a line feature class. The geodatabase can also store a list of topological rules, constraints on topological relationships within and between layers (e.g., counties cannot have gaps ...
In geographic information systems, a feature is an object that can have a geographic location and other properties. [1] Common types of geometries include points , arcs , and polygons . Carriageways and cadastres are examples of feature data.