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Jesus making wine from water in The Marriage at Cana, a 14th-century fresco from the Visoki Dečani monastery. Christian views on alcohol are varied. Throughout the first 1,800 years of Church history, Christians generally consumed alcoholic beverages as a common part of everyday life and used "the fruit of the vine" [1] in their central rite—the Eucharist or Lord's Supper.
In the mid-19th century, some Protestant Christians moved from a position of allowing moderate use of alcohol (sometimes called moderationism) to either deciding that not imbibing was wisest in the present circumstances (abstentionism) or prohibiting all ordinary consumption of alcohol because it was believed to be a sin (prohibitionism). [21]
Wine in the ancient world had a maximum possible alcohol content of 11-12 percent before dilution and once diluted, the alcohol content was reduced to a maximum of 2.75 or 3 percent. [6] Estimates of the wine of regional neighbors like the Greeks have dilution of 1:1 or 2:1 which place the alcohol content at a maximum of between 4-7 percent. [102]
Eastern Christians view fasting as one part of repentance and supporting a spiritual change of heart. Eastern Christians observe two major times of fasting, the "Great Fast" before Easter, and "Phillip's Fast" before the Nativity. The fast period before Christmas is called Philip's Fast because it begins after the feast day of St. Philip.
With respect to Restorationist Christianity, members of certain groups within the Christian Science movement abstain from the consumption of alcohol. [citation needed] The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints rejects alcohol based upon the Word of Wisdom. [25]
In Western Christianity, Roman Catholics abstain from meat on Ash Wednesday and on Fridays except solemnities. During the Christian season of repentance, Lent, many Lutheran Christians abstain from alcohol and meat on Fridays. [2]
Abstain from or limit a favorite activity (television, movies, etc.) for the entire season, and spend more time in prayer, Bible study, and reading devotional material. [6] It is the practice of many Lutherans to abstain from alcohol and meat on the Fridays of Lent; [2] a Black Fast has been historically kept by Lutherans on Good Friday. [15] [16]
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