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Al-Adil died in prison eight years later. Contemporary Muslim historians wrote disapprovingly about al-Adil II's "boisterous living and loose morals". [ 1 ] : 308 This is seemingly corroborated by an inlaid brass basin made for him by the master craftsman Ahmad al-Dhaki al-Mawsili which contains a "somewhat risqué" depiction of total nudity ...
While making ready to invade Egypt he was informed that his brother had been captured by his soldiers and was being held prisoner. As-Salih was invited to come at once and assume the Sultanate. [6] In August 1239, Ayyub began pressuring Al-Salih Ismail to join him at Nablus for the campaign to take over Egypt from al-Adil II. Ayyub began to ...
Adil Sulayman II ; Formation: 1171: Abolition: 1260/1340/1524: Residence: Cairo (1171-1250) ... sultan of Egypt and Syria, from 1263. Emirs of Hisn Kaifa
Al-Adil's second son, Al-Mu'azzam Isa, had already been made prince of Damascus in 1198. [7] It appears that Al-Adil allowed Al-Kamil a fairly high degree of authority, since he oversaw much of the work on the Cairo Citadel , issued decrees in his own name, and even managed to persuade his father to dismiss the powerful minister Ibn Shukr. [ 8 ]
On al-Kamil's death his son al-Adil II occupied Damascus after his brother al-Salih Ayyub, the ruler of al-Jazira, revealed his intentions to succeed al-Kamil as sultan in Egypt. Ayyub was invited to take over Damascus by some of the local governors of Syria and accomplished the conquest in December 1238. [1]
Sultan of Egypt was the status held by the rulers of Egypt after the establishment of the Ayyubid dynasty of Saladin in 1174 until the Ottoman conquest of Egypt in 1517. Though the extent of the Egyptian Sultanate ebbed and flowed, it generally included Sham and Hejaz, with the consequence that the Ayyubid and later Mamluk sultans were also regarded as the Sultans of Syria.
The Louvre basin, made for the Ayyubid sultan al-Adil II sometime between 1238 and 1240. [1]: 301 There is an incision on the base which says the basin had belonged specifically to the vestry (ṭishtkhānah) of al-Adil. [1]: 301 Another mark was left by a later owner, the Yemeni prince Ḥusayn ibn Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad, in 1775.
In March 1239 (Sha’ban 636), As-Salih Ayyub set out with his forces to attack Homs, but soon after he received envoys from Egypt complaining of the rule of al-Adil II and urging him to come and take power himself. In April 1239 therefore as-Salih Ayyub turned away from Homs and moved his forces south in preparation for an invasion of Egypt. [8]