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S. R. De Groot, P. Mazur (2011) Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics, Dover Books on Physics, ISBN 978-0486647418. Van Vliet, Carolyne M. (2008). Equilibrium and Non-equilibrium Statistical Mechanics .
Thermal physics, generally speaking, is the study of the statistical nature of physical systems from an energetic perspective. Starting with the basics of heat and temperature, thermal physics analyzes the first law of thermodynamics and second law of thermodynamics from the statistical perspective, in terms of the number of microstates corresponding to a given macrostate.
Systems do not contain work, but can perform work, and likewise, in formal thermodynamics, systems do not contain heat, but can transfer heat. Informally, however, a difference in the energy of a system that occurs solely because of a difference in its temperature is commonly called heat , and the energy that flows across a boundary as a result ...
VLE of the mixture of chloroform and methanol plus NRTL fit and extrapolation to different pressures. The non-random two-liquid model [1] (abbreviated NRTL model) is an activity coefficient model introduced by Renon and Prausnitz in 1968 that correlates the activity coefficients of a compound with its mole fractions in the liquid phase concerned.
Examples are internal energy, enthalpy, Helmholtz free energy, Gibbs free energy, thermodynamic temperature, and entropy. For a given body, of a given chemical constitution, when its thermodynamic state has been fully defined by its pressure and volume, then its temperature is uniquely determined.
Chemical engineering thermodynamics (11 P) Cooling technology (13 C, 158 P) Cryogenics (6 C, 67 P) D. Drying (4 C, 5 P) H. Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning ...
As a result, these models are referred to as multi-parameter models. Steps to develop a Helmholtz free energy model can be summarized as: Helmholtz free energy of pure components: Like all the thermodynamic models, the first step is to build the Helmholtz free energy of pure constituents of a system. For well-known components, such as carbon ...
The first part of the book starts by presenting the problem thermodynamics is trying to solve, and provides the postulates on which thermodynamics is founded. It then develops upon this foundation to discuss reversible processes, heat engines, thermodynamics potentials, Maxwell's relations, stability of thermodynamics systems, and first-order phase transitions.