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  2. Fisher transformation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisher_transformation

    The application of Fisher's transformation can be enhanced using a software calculator as shown in the figure. Assuming that the r-squared value found is 0.80, that there are 30 data [clarification needed], and accepting a 90% confidence interval, the r-squared value in another random sample from the same population may range from 0.656 to 0.888.

  3. Spherical coordinate system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spherical_coordinate_system

    Spherical coordinates (r, θ, φ) as typically used: radial distance r, azimuthal angle θ, and polar angle φ. + The meanings of θ and φ have been swapped—compared to the physics convention. The 'south'-direction x-axis is depicted but the 'north'-direction x-axis is not.

  4. List of trigonometric identities - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_trigonometric...

    A formula for computing the trigonometric identities for the one-third angle exists, but it requires finding the zeroes of the cubic equation 4x 3 − 3x + d = 0, where is the value of the cosine function at the one-third angle and d is the known value of the cosine function at the full angle.

  5. Local tangent plane coordinates - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_tangent_plane...

    The local ENU coordinates are formed from a plane tangent to the Earth's surface fixed to a specific location and hence it is sometimes known as a "Local Tangent" or "local geodetic" plane. By convention the east axis is labeled x {\displaystyle x} , the north y {\displaystyle y} and the up z {\displaystyle z} .

  6. Spherical trigonometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spherical_trigonometry

    The octant of a sphere is a spherical triangle with three right angles.. Spherical trigonometry is the branch of spherical geometry that deals with the metrical relationships between the sides and angles of spherical triangles, traditionally expressed using trigonometric functions.

  7. Tangent space - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangent_space

    The tangent space of at , denoted by , is then defined as the set of all tangent vectors at ; it does not depend on the choice of coordinate chart :. The tangent space T x M {\displaystyle T_{x}M} and a tangent vector v ∈ T x M {\displaystyle v\in T_{x}M} , along a curve traveling through x ∈ M {\displaystyle x\in M} .

  8. Trigonometric functions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigonometric_functions

    Basis of trigonometry: if two right triangles have equal acute angles, they are similar, so their corresponding side lengths are proportional.. In mathematics, the trigonometric functions (also called circular functions, angle functions or goniometric functions) [1] are real functions which relate an angle of a right-angled triangle to ratios of two side lengths.

  9. Dual curve - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual_curve

    Eliminating p, q, r, and λ from these equations, along with Xp + Yq + Zr = 0, gives the equation in X, Y and Z of the dual curve. On the left: the ellipse (⁠ x / 2 ⁠) 2 + (⁠ y / 3 ⁠) 2 = 1 with tangent lines xX + yY = 1 for any X, Y, such that (2X) 2 + (3Y) 2 = 1. On the right: the dual ellipse (2X) 2 + (3Y) 2 = 1. Each tangent to the ...