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The Manunggul Jar is a secondary burial jar excavated from a Neolithic burial site in the Manunggul cave of the Tabon Caves at Lipuun Point in Palawan, Philippines.It dates from 890–710 B.C. [2] and the two prominent figures at the top handle of its cover represent the journey of the soul to the afterlife.
The Manunggul burial jar, one of the numerous burial jars found on the cave system. Between 1962 and 1966, the cave system was explored and researched by Robert B. Fox together with a team from the National Museum of the Philippines. [3] Among those discovered on the site was the Tabon Man, which is believed to be 22,000 to 24,000 years old.
The Manunggul Jar was discovered in the Tabon caves by American anthropologist Robert B. Fox who worked in conjunction with Miguel Antonio during their excavation on the island of Palawan in 1962. The Manunggul Jar is a type of secondary burial meaning that the body had been moved after an initial burial which can be ceremonial.
A funeral procession in the Philippines, 2009. During the Pre-Hispanic period the early Filipinos believed in a concept of life after death. [1] This belief, which stemmed from indigenous ancestral veneration and was strengthened by strong family and community relations within tribes, prompted the Filipinos to create burial customs to honor the dead through prayers and rituals.
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Detail on a jar cover molded into a human head. Even though the burial jars are similar to that of the pottery found in Kulaman Plateau, Southern Mindanao and many more excavation sites here in the Philippines, what makes the Maitum jars uniquely different is how the anthropomorphic features depict “specific dead persons whose remains they guard”.
The first step in the manufacture of pots is the acquisition of the starting material, clay. The clay is then pounded, added with enough amount of water, to reach the wanted flexibility, and placed in a rotating plate. Using the hand-modeling and coil-and-scrape techniques, the height, thickness and shape of the pot is established.
The most recent jar burial remains are from Banton Cave in Banton, Romblon island, and Balisong Cave in Pilar, Panay island. These have been dated to around the 13th to 17th centuries CE. The oldest intact example is the Manunggul Jar from the Tabon Cave, dated to 890–710 BCE. [17] [18] [12] [11] Sumatra: 700 – 1500 CE [11]
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