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Normal red blood cells are round, flattened disks that are thinner in the middle than at the edges. A poikilocyte is an abnormally-shaped red blood cell. [1] Generally, poikilocytosis can refer to an increase in abnormal red blood cells of any shape, where they make up 10% or more of the total population of red blood cells.
Dacrocytes (teardrop cells) Dacrocytes compared to other forms of poikilocytosis. A dacrocyte (or dacryocyte) is a type of poikilocyte that is shaped like a teardrop (a "teardrop cell"). A marked increase of dacrocytes is known as dacrocytosis.
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of echinocytes Echinocyte compared to other forms of poikilocytosis. Echinocyte (from the Greek word echinos, meaning 'hedgehog' or 'sea urchin'), in human biology and medicine, refers to a form of red blood cell that has an abnormal cell membrane characterized by many small, evenly spaced thorny projections.
blood film in a patient with hereditary elliptocytosis: approximately 60% to 70% of the RBCs are elliptocytes. Elliptocyte compared to other forms of poikilocytosis . Elliptocytes , also known as ovalocytes or cigar cells , are abnormally shaped red blood cells that appear oval or elongated, from slightly egg-shaped to rod or pencil forms.
Peripheral blood smear: A blood smear examined under a microscope can show red blood cells that are abnormal in shape (poikilocytosis or codocytes), color (hypochromic), or size , as well as those with abnormal inclusions (Heinz bodies). [43] Serum iron and ferritin: these tests are needed to rule out iron-deficiency anemia. [43]
Hereditary elliptocytosis, also known as ovalocytosis, is an inherited blood disorder in which an abnormally large number of the person's red blood cells are elliptical rather than the typical biconcave disc shape. Such morphologically distinctive erythrocytes are sometimes referred to as elliptocytes or ovalocytes.
Rouleaux formations are also adopted by spermatozoa as a means of cooperation between genetically similar gametocytes so as to improve reproductive success through enhanced motility and, therefore, fertilization capacity—e.g., the guinea pig. Typical mammalian erythrocytes: (a) seen from surface; (b) in profile, forming rouleaux.
Along with Döhle bodies and toxic vacuolation, which are two other findings in the cytoplasm of granulocytes, toxic granulation is a peripheral blood film finding suggestive of an inflammatory process. [1] Toxic granulation is often found in patients with bacterial infection and sepsis, [1] [2] although the finding is nonspecific. [3]